Biotechnology Letters

, Volume 32, Issue 8, pp 1031–1038 | Cite as

Validation of reference genes of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus for the normalization of quantitative real-time PCR

  • Xing Ye
  • Lili Zhang
  • Haiyan Dong
  • Yuanyuan Tian
  • Haihua Lao
  • Junjie Bai
  • Lingyun Yu
Original Research Paper
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Expression of four reference genes of grass carp, including β-actin (ACTB), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 18S rRNA (18S) and elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1α), was studied in tissues of normal individuals and bacteria-infected individuals. EF1α had the most stable expressions followed by 18S rRNA then GAPDH; ACTB had the least stability. After being infected with bacteria, the grass carp showed minimal changes in expression levels of EF1α in the liver and head kidney, while ACTB had the most stable expressions in spleen but the least stable in liver. EF1α is thus the optimal reference gene in quantitative real-time PCR analysis to quantitate the expression levels of target genes in tissues of grass carp.

Keywords

Bacterial infection Gene expression Grass carp Quantitative real-time PCR Reference gene 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the Science and Technology Key Project in Agricultural Areas of Guangdong Province (No. 2008A020100016), Science and Technology Project of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province (No. A200899F01), Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou (No. 20084411115, N0.2009J1-C021), the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-indursty Technology Research System (Nycytx-49-07).

Supplementary material

10529_2010_258_MOESM1_ESM.doc (40 kb)
(DOC 39 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • Xing Ye
    • 1
  • Lili Zhang
    • 1
  • Haiyan Dong
    • 2
  • Yuanyuan Tian
    • 1
  • Haihua Lao
    • 1
  • Junjie Bai
    • 1
  • Lingyun Yu
    • 1
  1. 1.Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fish Breeding & CultivationCAFSGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
  2. 2.Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China

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