A Novel Mucosal Vaccine Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Induces Protection in Mice and Swine
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Abstract
Epitopes of a foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid protein VP1 complex and a chimera of 6×His-tagged cholera toxin B subunit (hCTB) were expressed in Hansenula polymorpha and used together as a mucosal vaccine. Antibody and cytokine responses to VP1–hCTB vaccine and protection against FMDV were evaluated by ELISA and a virus challenge test in mice, respectively. VP1–hCTB directly enhanced the expression of interleukin-5 (IL-5) both in serum and supernatants of cultured spleen cells. After challenging suckling mice with 105 FMDV (=50% lethal dosage per mouse) a greater protection was seen after intraperitoneal and intranasal vaccinations than after oral vaccination. In swine immunized with VP1–hCTB, immune responses were achieved after three administrations, and the vaccine protected swine (80%) when challenged with 106.5 FMDV (=50% infectious dosage per swine). These results demonstrated the possibility of using CTB as a mucosal adjuvant to elicit protective immune responses against FMDV.
Keywords
cholera toxin B subunit foot-and-mouth disease virus mucosal vaccinePreview
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