Skip to main content
Log in

The Who and Why of Consensual Nonmonogamy Among African Americans

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Archives of Sexual Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Prevalence rates of consensual nonmonogamy (CNM) demonstrate little difference across race. Yet, not much is known about CNM among African Americans. Through an online survey study, we examined the correlates of CNM among African Americans as well as the reasons why they engage. A total of 1050 African Americans between the ages of 18–40 years participated in this study. Binomial logistic regression was utilized to determine the correlates of CNM. Sexual orientation was the only significant predictor of CNM. The following variables were nonsignificant predictors of CNM: age, gender, household income, religiosity, and education. Qualitative analysis revealed several reasons for CNM engagement: (1) belief that it is natural; (2) excitement; (3) not meant for each other; (4) scared of losing partner; (5) bisexuality; (6) does not want commitment; and (7) maintain honesty, trust, and integrity. This study adds to the sparse knowledge base of CNM among African Americans.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adimora, A. A., Schoenbach, V. J., Bonas, D. M., Martinson, F. E. A., Donaldson, K. H., & Stancil, T. R. (2002). Concurrent sexual partnerships among women in the United States. Epidemiology, 13, 320–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adimora, A. A., Schoenbach, V. J., & Doherty, I. A. (2007). Concurrent sexual partnerships among men in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 2230–2237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aral, S. O., Adimora, A. A., & Fenton, K. A. (2008). Understanding and responding to disparities in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in African Americans. Lancet, 372(9635), 337–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balzarini, R. N., Dharma, C., Kohut, T., Holmes, B. M., Campbell, L., Lehmiller, J. J., & Harman, J. J. (2019). Demographic comparison of American individuals in polyamorous and monogamous relationships. Journal of Sex Research, 56, 681–694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banks, R. R. (2011). Is marriage for White people?: How the African American marriage decline affects everyone. New York: Dutton/Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barash, D. P., & Lipton, J. E. (2001). The myth of monogamy: Fidelity and infidelity in animals and people. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bay-Cheng, L. Y., St.Vil, N. M., & Ginn, H. (2019). Young women’s sexuality in black and white: Racial differences in appraisals of sexually active young women. Journal of Sex Research, 57(3), 296–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridges, T. & Moore, M. R. (2019). 23% of young Black women now identify as bisexual. The Conversation. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/23-of-young-black-women-now-identify-as-bisexual-116116.

  • Conley, T. D., Mastick, J. L., Moors, A. C., & Ziegler, A. (2017). Investigation of consensually nonmonogamous relationships: Theories, methods and new directions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(2), 205–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conley, T. D., Moors, A. C., Mastick, J. L., & Ziegler, A. (2013). The fewer the merrier?: Assessing stigma surrounding consensually non-monogamous romantic relationships. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 13(1), 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrer, J. N. (2018). Mononormativity, polypride, and the “mono-poly wars”. Sexuality and Culture, 22, 817–836.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grunt-Mejer, K., & Campbell, C. (2016). Around consensual nonmonogamies: Assessing attitudes toward nonexclusive relationships. Journal of Sex Research, 53(1), 45–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guttentag, M., & Secord, P. (1983). Too many women? The sex ratio question. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haupert, M. L., Gesselman, A. N., Moors, A. C., Fisher, H. E., & Garcia, J. R. (2017). Prevalence of experiences with consensual nonmonogamous relationships: Findings from two national samples of single Americans. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 43, 424–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hills, C. P. (2004). Black sexual politics: African Americans, gender, and the new racism. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoff, C. C., & Beuogher, S. C. (2010). Sexual agreements among gay male couples. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 774–787.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutzler, K. T., Giuliano, T. A., Herselman, J. R., & Johnson, S. M. (2016). Three’s a crowd: Public awareness and (mis)perceptions of polyamory. Psychology & Sexuality, 7, 69–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenks, R. J. (1998). Swinging: A review of the literature. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 27, 507–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimberly, C., & Hans, J. D. (2017). From fantasy to reality: A grounded theory of experiences in the swinging lifestyle. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 789–799.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leblanc, N. M., Mitchell, J. W., & De Santis, J. P. (2017). Negotiated safety—components, context and use: An integrative literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(7), 1583–1603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, E. C., Herbenick, D., Martinez, O., Fu, T., & Dodge, B. (2018). Open relationships, nonconsensual nonmonogamy, and monogamy among U.S. adults: Findings from the 2012 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47, 1439–1450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Livingston, G., & Brown, A. (2017). Intermarriage in the U.S. 50 years after Loving v. Virginia. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moors, A. C. (2017). Has the American public’s interest in information related to relationships beyond “The Couple” increased over time? Journal of Sex Research, 54(6), 677–684.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muise, A., Impett, E. A., & Desmarais, S. (2013). Getting it on vs. getting it over with: Approach-avoidance sexual motivation, desire and satisfaction in intimate bonds. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 1320–1332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popping, R. (2015). Analyzing open-ended questions by means of text analysis procedures. Bulletin of Sociological Methodology, 128(1), 23–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pouget, E. R., Kershaw, T. S., Niccolai, L. M., & Ickovics, J. R. (2010). Associations of sex ratios and male incarceration rates with multiple opposite-sex partners: Potential social determinants of HIV/STI transmission. Public Health Reports, 125(Suppl. 4), 70–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossman, K., Sinnard, M., & Budge, S. (2019). A qualitative examination of consideration and practice of consensual nonmonogamy among sexual and gender minority couples. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 6(1), 11–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, J. D., Moors, A. C., Matsick, J. L., Ziegler, A., & Conley, T. D. (2014). On the margins: Considering diversity among consensually non-monogamous relationships. Journal für Psychologie, 22, 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidel, W. (2008). Monogamy and polygyny in Greece, Rome, and world history. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1214729.

  • Séguin, L. J., Blais, M., Goyer, M., Adam, B. D., Lavoie, F., Rodrigue, C., & Magontier, C. (2016). Examining relationship quality across three types of relationship agreements. Sexualities, 20(1–2), 86–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheff, E., & Hammers, C. (2011). The privilege of perversities: Race, class and education among polyamorists and kinksters. Psychology & Sexuality, 2(3), 198–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, W. J. (1987). The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, J., Desmarais, S., Burleigh, T., & Milhausen, R. (2018). Reasons for sex and relational outcomes in consensually nonmonogamous relationships: A self-determination theory approach. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35, 632–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Funding was provided by Les Brun Pilot Funding, Buffalo Center for Social Research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Noelle M. St. Vil.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by University at Buffalo’s Institutional Review Board. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional review board.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

St. Vil, N.M., Leblanc, N.M. & Giles, K.N. The Who and Why of Consensual Nonmonogamy Among African Americans. Arch Sex Behav 50, 1143–1150 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01835-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01835-3

Keywords

Navigation