Choice is Not True or False: The Domain of Rhetorical Argumentation
- 506 Downloads
- 23 Citations
Abstract
Leading contemporary argumentation theories such as those of Ralph Johnson, van Eemeren and Houtlosser, and Tindale, in their attempt to address rhetoric, tend to define rhetorical argumentation with reference to (a) the rhetorical arguer’s goal (to persuade effectively), and (b) the means he employs to do so. However, a central strand in the rhetorical tradition itself, led by Aristotle, and arguably the dominant view, sees rhetorical argumentation as defined with reference to the domain of issues discussed. On that view, the domain of rhetorical argumentation is centered on choice of action in the civic sphere, and the distinctive nature of issues in this domain is considered crucial. Hence, argumentation theories such as those discussed, insofar as they do not see rhetoric as defined by its distinctive domain, apply an understanding of rhetoric that is historically inadequate. It is further suggested that theories adopting this understanding of rhetoric risk ignoring important distinctive features of argumentation about action.
Keywords
Argumentation Rhetoric Aristotle Rhetoric Nicomachean ethics Eudemian ethics Deliberative Choice Argumentation theory Ralph Johnson Frans van Eemeren Peter Houtlosser Christopher Tindale Domain of issues Rhetorical argumentationReferences
- Anon. 1964. Ad C. Herennium: De ratione dicendi (Rhetorica ad Herennium), with an English translation by Harry Caplan (Loeb Classical Library, 403). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
- Anscombe, G.E.M. 1957. Intention. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
- Aristotle. 1926. The works of Aristotle translated into English under the Editorship of W. D. Ross, Vol. xxii. The Art of Rhetoric (trans: Freese, J.H.) (Loeb Classical Library, 193). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
- Austin, J.L. 1953. How to talk-some simple ways. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 53: 227–246.Google Scholar
- Bitzer, L.F. 1968. The rhetorical situation. Philosophy and Rhetoric 1: 1–14.Google Scholar
- Blair, H. 1783/2004. Lectures on rhetoric and belles lettres, ed. Linda Ferreira-Buckley and S. Michael Halloran. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
- Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus. 1978. Boethius’s De topicis differentiis. Translated, with notes and essays on the text, by Eleonore Stump. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
- Campbell, G. 1776/1969. The philosophy of rhetoric by George Campbell, ed. Lloyd F. Bitzer, Foreword by David Potter. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
- Cicero, M.T. 1967. De Oratore; De fato; Paradoxa stoicorum; De partitione oratoria (trans: Sutton, E.W. and Rackham, H.). (Loeb Classical Library, 368). London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
- Cicero, M.T. 1968. De inventione; De optimo genere oratorum; Topica. With an English translation by H.M. Hubell (Loeb Classical Library, 386). London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
- Cox, V. 2003. Rhetoric and humanism in Quattrocento Venice. Renaissance Quarterly 56: 652–694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Dilts, M.R., and G.A. Kennedy. 1997. Two greek rhetorical treatises from the roman empire: Introduction, text and translation of the arts of rhetoric attributed to anonymous Seguerianus and to Apsines of Gadara. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
- Fahnestock, J. 2003. Rhetorical figures in science. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Fumaroli, M. 1983. Rhetoric, politics, and society: From Italian Ciceronianism to French Classicism. In Renaissance eloquence, ed. J.J. Murphy, 253–273. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
- Garver, E. 2000. Comments on “Rhetorical analysis within a pragma-dialectical framework: The case of R.J. Reynolds”. Argumentation 14: 307–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gross, A.G. 1990. The rhetoric of science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
- Gross, A.G., and A.E. Walzer (eds.). 2000. Rereading Aristotle’s rhetoric. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
- Halm, K. 1863. Rhetores Latini minores: Ex codicibus maximam partem primum adhibitis emendabat Carolus Halm. Teubner: Lipsiae [Leipzig].Google Scholar
- Hauser, G.A. 1999. Aristotle on epideictic: The formation of public morality. Rhetoric Society Quarterly 29: 5–23.Google Scholar
- Hauser, G.A. 2002. Introduction to rhetorical theory, 2nd ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland.Google Scholar
- Heath, M. 1995. Hermogenes on issues: Strategies of argument in later Greek rhetoric. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
- Heath, M. 2004. Menander: A rhetor in context. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Johnson, R.H. 1996. The need for a dialectical tier in arguments. In Proceedings of the international conference on formal and applied practical reasoning, ed. Dov M. Gabbay and Hans Jürgen Ohlbach, 349–360.Google Scholar
- Johnson, R.H. 2000. Manifest rationality: A pragmatic theory of argument. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
- Johnson, R.H. 2002. Manifest rationality reconsidered: Reply to my fellow symposiasts. Argumentation 16: 311–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kant, I. 1914 [1790]. Kritik der Urteilskraft. In Werke, Vol. V., ed. Ernst Cassirer and Hermann Cohen. Berlin: Bruno Cassirer.Google Scholar
- Kennedy, G.A. 1991. Aristotle on rhetoric: A theory of civic discourse. Newly translated with introduction, notes, and appendixes by George A. Kennedy. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Kennedy, G.A. 1994. A new history of classical rhetoric. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
- Kennedy, G.A. 1999. Classical rhetoric and its Christian and secular tradition from ancient to modern times, 2nd Revised edition. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
- Kock, C. 2007. Norms of legitimate dissensus. Informal Logic 27: 179–196.Google Scholar
- Larmore, C. 1996. The morals of modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
- Locke, J. 1959 [1690]. An essay concerning human understanding. Collated and annotated, with prolegomena, biographical, critical, and historical by Alexander Campbell Fraser, Vol. I–II. New York: Dover.Google Scholar
- Long, C.P. 2002. The ontological reappropriation of phronēsis. Continental Philosophy Review 35: 35–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mill, J.S. 1969 [1863]. ‘Utilitarianism’. In The collected works of John Stuart Mill, general editor John M. Robson, Vol. X. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
- Miller, J.M., M.H. Prosser, and T.W. Benson. 1973. Readings in medieval rhetoric. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
- Perelman, C. 1970. The new rhetoric: A theory of practical reasoning. The great ideas today, 272–312. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica Press.Google Scholar
- Perelman, C., and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca. 1969. The new rhetoric. A treatise on argumentation. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press (Original edition: 1958, La nouvelle rhétorique. Traité de l’argumentation. Paris: Presses universitaires de France).Google Scholar
- Rawls, J. 1989. The domain of the political and overlapping consensus. New York University Law Review 64: 233–255.Google Scholar
- Rawls, J. 1993. Political liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
- Remer, G. 1999. Political oratory and conversation: Cicero versus deliberative democracy. Political Theory 27: 39–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rescher, N. 1993. Pluralism: Against the demand for consensus. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
- Robert, J.E. 1960. Book three of Brunetto Latini’s Tresor: An English translation and assessment of its contribution to rhetorical theory. Diss. Stanford: Stanford University.Google Scholar
- Russell, Donald A., ed. and trans. 2001. Quintilian. The Orator’s education, II.xvi.9–10. Cambridge: Harvard UP.Google Scholar
- Searle, J.R. 1979a. What is an intentional state? Mind 88: 74–92. New Series.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Searle, J.R. 1979b. Expression and meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
- Searle, J.R. 1983. Intentionality: An essay in the philosophy of mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
- Tindale, C. 1999. Acts of arguing: A rhetorical model of argument. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
- Tindale, C. 2004. Rhetorical argumentation: Principles of theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
- van Eemeren, F.H., and P. Houtlosser. 1999. Strategic manoeuvring in argumentative discourse. Discourse Studies 1: 479–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- van Eemeren, F.H., and P. Houtlosser. 2000. Rhetorical analysis within a pragma-dialectical framework: The case of R. J. Reynolds. Argumentation 14: 293–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- van Eemeren, F.H., and P. Houtlosser. 2001. Managing disagreement: Rhetorical analysis within a dialectical framework. Argumentation and Advocacy 37: 150–157.Google Scholar
- van Eemeren, F.H., and P. Houtlosser. 2002. Strategic manoeuvring: Maintaining a delicate balance. In The warp and woof of argumentation analysis (Argumentation Library 6), ed. F.H. van Eemeren and P. Houtlosser, 131–160. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publisers.Google Scholar
- Vico, G. 1996. The art of rhetoric (Institutiones Oratoriae, 1711–1741). From the definitive latin text and notes, Italian commentary and introduction by Giuliano Crifò (trans and ed.: Pinton, Giorgio A. and Shippee, Arthur W.). Amsterdam: Rodopi.Google Scholar
- Walker, J. 2000. Rhetoric and poetics in antiquity. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Wenzel, J.W. 1990. Three perspectives on argument: Rhetoric, dialectic, logic. In Perspectives on argumentation: Essays in the honor of Wayne Brockriede, ed. R. Trapp, and J. Schuetz, 9–26. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.Google Scholar
- Wilson, T. 1994. The art of rhetoric (1560). Edited with Notes and Commentary by Peter E. Medine. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar