Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Knowledge, Stereotyped Beliefs and Attitudes Around HIV Chemoprophylaxis in Two High HIV Prevalence Neighborhoods in New York City

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
AIDS and Behavior Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

HIV chemoprophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) has emerged as a transformative prevention tool to reduce infection rates and decrease disease burden. However, uptake is low, and efficacy depends upon adherence. To maximize impact, potential barriers to uptake and adherence must be identified and understood. Using univariate and logistic regression analytic methods, we assessed associations among potential barriers to uptake and adherence, including HIV chemoprophylaxis knowledge, negative stereotyped beliefs about people who use it and negative attitudes towards HIV chemoprophylaxis use by relatives among 583 residents of two high HIV prevalence neighborhoods in New York City. About a quarter of respondents knew about HIV chemoprophylaxis and over 50 % endorsed negative stereotyped beliefs about users; yet, approximately two-thirds had positive attitudes toward its use among a male or female relative. Young age, having lesbian or gay friends/family members and low levels of homophobia were associated with not endorsing negative stereotyped beliefs. Negative stereotyped beliefs were not associated with negative attitudes toward HIV chemoprophylaxis use among relatives. Implications for PrEP dissemination are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV among gay and bisexual men [Slide set]. 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/slidesets/cdc-hiv-surveillance-genepi.pdf.

  2. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygeine. New York City HIV/AIDS annual surveillance statistics 2013. 2015. http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/ah/surveillance2013-table-all.pdf.

  3. Cáceres CF, Koechlin F, Goicochea P, Sow P-S, O’Reilly K, Mayer K, et al. The promises and challenges of pre-exposure prophylaxis as part of the emerging paradigm of combination HIV prevention. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18(Suppl 3):19949.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves first drug for reducing the risk of sexually acquired HIV infection 2012 [December 27, 2015]. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/UCM311828.pdf.

  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States–2014: a clinical practice guideline. Atlanta: CDC; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dolezal C, Frasca T, Giguere R, Ibitoye M, Cranston RD, Febo I, et al. Awareness of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is low but interest is high among men engaging in condomless anal sex with men in Boston, Pittsburgh, and San Juan. AIDS Educ Prev. 2015;27(4):289–97.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Spinner CD, Boesecke C, Zink A, Jessen H, Stellbrink H-J, Rockstroh JK, et al. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): a review of current knowledge of oral systemic HIV PrEP in humans. Infection 2016;44(2):151–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Haire BG. Preexposure prophylaxis-related stigma: strategies to improve uptake and adherence—a narrative review. HIV/AIDS (Auckland, NZ). 2015;7:241–9.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Calabrese SK, Underhill K. How stigma surrounding the use of HIV preexposure prophylaxis undermines prevention and pleasure: a call to destigmatize “Truvada Whores”. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(10):1960–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Genberg BL, Hlavka Z, Konda KA, Maman S, Chariyalertsak S, Chingono A, et al. A comparison of HIV/AIDS-related stigma in four countries: negative attitudes and perceived acts of discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Soc Sci Med. 2009;68(12):2279–87.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Visser MJ, Makin JD, Vandormael A, Sikkema KJ, Forsyth BW. HIV/AIDS stigma in a South African community. AIDS Care. 2009;21(2):197–206.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Herek GM. AIDS and stigma. Am Behav Sci. 1999;42(7):1106–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Morrison MA, Morrison TG. Development and validation of a scale measuring modern prejudice toward gay men and lesbian women. J Homosex. 2002;43(2):15–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Mayfield W. The development of an internalized homonegativity inventory for gay men. J Homosex. 2001;41(2):53–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hosmer DW Jr, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Model-building strategies and methods for logistic regression. Applied logistic regression. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; 2000. p. 89–151.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. Auerbach JD, Kinsky S, Brown G, Charles V. Knowledge, attitudes, and likelihood of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among US women at risk of acquiring HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2015;29(2):102–10.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Bauermeister JA, Meanley S, Pingel E, Soler JH, Harper GW. PrEP awareness and perceived barriers among single young men who have sex with men. Curr HIV Res. 2013;11(7):520–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Rucinski KB, Mensah NP, Sepkowitz KA, Cutler BH, Sweeney MM, Myers JE. Knowledge and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis among an online sample of young men who have sex with men in New York City. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(6):2180–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygeine. Health Department Launches New PrEP and PEP Campaign: New Ways to Prevent HIV 2015. http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/pr2015/pr003-15.shtml.

  20. Walch SE, Orlosky PM, Sinkkanen KA, Stevens HR. Demographic and social factors associated with homophobia and fear of AIDS in a community sample. J Homosex. 2010;57(2):310–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Katz IT, Ryu AE, Onuegbu AG, Psaros C, Weiser SD, Bangsberg DR, et al. Impact of HIV-related stigma on treatment adherence: systematic review and meta-synthesis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013;16(3 Suppl 2):18640.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu A, Cohen S, Follansbee S, Cohan D, Weber S, Sachdev D, et al. Early experiences implementing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention in San Francisco. PLoS Med. 2014;11(3):e1001613.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the contributions of Vaughn Taylor-Akutagawa, Steven Gordon, David Matthews, Mark Kornegay, Geneva Musgrave and staff and volunteers of Gay Men of African Descent and Bridging Access to Care for their contributions to Project CHHANGE, the parent study. We also thank the study participants who gave their time and effort to this study.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health Grant (R21MH102182).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA

    Davida Farhat, Emily Greene, Mark Q. Paige & Victoria Frye

  2. Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Davida Farhat & Victoria Frye

  3. Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City College of New York, City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, 404A Harris Hall, New York, NY, 10031, USA

    Victoria Frye

  4. Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA

    Emily Greene & Beryl A. Koblin

Authors
  1. Davida Farhat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Emily Greene
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mark Q. Paige
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Beryl A. Koblin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Victoria Frye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Victoria Frye.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Verbal informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Farhat, D., Greene, E., Paige, M.Q. et al. Knowledge, Stereotyped Beliefs and Attitudes Around HIV Chemoprophylaxis in Two High HIV Prevalence Neighborhoods in New York City. AIDS Behav 21, 1247–1255 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1426-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1426-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation