Abstract
We present a method to generate static, spherically symmetric, solutions of Einstein gravity in \(d+2\) dimensions minimally coupled to a real scalar field with a self-interacting potential. The solutions can be fully parametrised by a single function, whose behaviour encodes all the information about the local and global behaviour of the spacetime. We give several explicit applications of our solution-generating method that describe black holes, naked singularities and solitonic configurations.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The Riccati equation is an ordinary differential equation in the form \(y'+p_{1}y+p_{2}y^{2}=q\) where \(p_{1}\), \(p_{2}\neq0\) and \(q\neq0\) are functions of the independent variable.
References
Fisher, I.Z.: Scalar mesostatic field with regard for gravitational effects. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 18, 636–640 (1948)
Buchdahl, H.A.: Reciprocal static metrics and scalar fields in the general theory of relativity. Phys. Rev. 115, 1325–1328 (1959)
Janis, A.I., Newman, E.T., Winicour, J.: Reality of the Schwarzschild singularity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 878–880 (1968)
Wyman, M.: Static spherically symmetric scalar fields in general relativity. Phys. Rev. D 24, 839–841 (1981)
Bechmann, O., Lechtenfeld, O.: Exact black-hole solution with self-interacting scalar field. Class. Quantum Gravity 12, 1473–1482 (1995)
Dennhardt, H., Lechtenfeld, O.: Scalar deformations of Schwarzschild holes and their stability. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 13, 741–764 (1998)
Bronnikov, K.A., Shikin, G.N.: Spherically symmetric scalar vacuum: no-go theorems, black holes and solitons. Gravit. Cosmol. 8, 107–116 (2002)
Bronnikov, K.A., Fabris, J.C.: Regular phantom black holes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 251101 (2006)
Bronnikov, K.A., Melnikov, V.N., Dehnen, H.: Regular black holes and black universes. Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 39, 973–987 (2007)
Bronnikov, K.A., Chernakova, M.S.: Charged black holes and unusual wormholes in scalar-tensor gravity. Gravit. Cosmol. 13, 51–55 (2007)
Nikonov, V.V., Tchemarina, J.V., Tsirulev, A.N.: A two-parameter family of exact asymptotically flat solutions to the Einstein-scalar field equations. Class. Quantum Gravity 25, 138001 (2008)
Azreg-Aïnou, M.: Selection criteria for two-parameter solutions to scalar-tensor gravity. Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 42, 1427–1456 (2010)
Bekenstein, J.D.: Nonexistence of baryon number for static black holes. Phys. Rev. D 5, 1239–1246 (1972)
Bekenstein, J.D.: Novel ‘no scalar hair’ theorem for black holes. Phys. Rev. D 51, R6608–R6611 (1995)
Mayo, A.E., Bekenstein, J.D.: No hair for spherical black holes: charged and nonminimally coupled scalar field with selfinteraction. Phys. Rev. D 54, 5059–5069 (1996)
Sudarsky, D.: A Simple proof of a no-hair theorem in Einstein-Higgs theory. Class. Quantum Gravity 12, 579–584 (1995)
Torii, T., Maeda, K., Narita, M.: Scalar hair on the black hole in asymptotically anti-de Sitter space-time. Phys. Rev. D 64, 044007 (2001)
Hertog, T.: Towards a novel no-hair theorem for black holes. Phys. Rev. D 74, 084008 (2006)
Herdeiro, C.A.R., Radu, E.: Kerr black holes with scalar hair. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 221101 (2014)
Herdeiro, C.A.R., Radu, E.: Asymptotically flat black holes with scalar hair: a review. In: Herdeiro, C.A.R., Cardoso, V., Lemos, J.P.S., Mena, F.C. (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th Black Holes Workshop, Aveiro, Portugal, Dec. 18–19, 2014. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, vol. 24, p. 1542014 (2014)
Cadoni, M., Mignemi, S., Serra, M.: Exact solutions with AdS asymptotics of Einstein and Einstein-Maxwell gravity minimally coupled to a scalar field. Phys. Rev. D 84, 084046 (2011)
Cadoni, M., Serra, M., Mignemi, S.: Black brane solutions and their solitonic extremal limit in Einstein-scalar gravity. Phys. Rev. D 85, 086001 (2012)
Cadoni, M., Mignemi, S.: Phase transition and hyperscaling violation for scalar black branes. J. High Energy Phys. 06, 056 (2012)
Cadoni, M., Serra, M.: Hyperscaling violation for scalar black branes in arbitrary dimensions. J. High Energy Phys. 11, 136 (2012)
Cadoni, M., Franzin, E.: Asymptotically flat black holes sourced by a massless scalar field. Phys. Rev. D 91, 104011 (2015)
Cadoni, M., Franzin, E., Serra, M.: Brane solutions sourced by a scalar with vanishing potential and classification of scalar branes. J. High Energy Phys. 01, 125 (2016)
Solovyev, D.A., Tsirulev, A.N.: General properties and exact models of static self-gravitating scalar field configurations. Class. Quantum Gravity 29, 055013 (2012)
Franzin, E., Cadoni, M., Tuveri, M.: Sine-Gordon solitonic scalar stars and black holes. Phys. Rev. D 97, 124018 (2018)
Gaeta, G., Reiss, C., Peyrard, M., Dauxois, T.: Simple models of non-linear DNA dynamics. Riv. Nuovo Cimento 17, 1–48 (1994)
Barone, A., Paternò, G.: Physics and Applications of the Josephson Effect. Wiley, New York (1982)
Cuevas-Maraver, J., Kevrekidis, P., Williams, F. (eds.): The Sine-Gordon Model and Its Applications. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Gegenberg, J., Kunstatter, G.: Solitons and black holes. Phys. Lett. B 413, 274–280 (1997)
Cadoni, M.: 2-D extremal black holes as solitons. Phys. Rev. D 58, 104001 (1998)
Bronnikov, K.A.: Spherically symmetric false vacuum: no-go theorems and global structure. Phys. Rev. D 64, 064013 (2001)
Weinberg, S.: Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity. Wiley, New York (1972)
Carminati, J., McLenaghan, R.G.: Algebraic invariants of the Riemann tensor in a four-dimensional Lorentzian space. J. Math. Phys. 32, 3135 (1991)
Anabalón, A., Oliva, J.: Exact hairy black holes and their modification to the universal law of gravitation. Phys. Rev. D 86, 107501 (2012)
Anabalón, A., Deruelle, N.: On the mechanical stability of asymptotically flat black holes with minimally coupled scalar hair. Phys. Rev. D 88, 064011 (2013)
Acknowledgements
EF is partially supported by the Spanish MINECO under projects FPA2016-76005-C2-C-P and MDM-2014-0369 of ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”), and by AGAUR grant 2017-SGR-754.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cadoni, M., Franzin, E., Masella, F. et al. A Solution-Generating Method in Einstein-Scalar Gravity. Acta Appl Math 162, 33–45 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10440-018-00232-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10440-018-00232-2