Acta Mechanica Sinica

, Volume 29, Issue 3, pp 318–334 | Cite as

Numerical modeling and simulation of PEM fuel cells: Progress and perspective

Review Article
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive review on the research and development in multi-scale numerical modeling and simulation of PEM fuel cells. An overview of recent progress in PEM fuel cell modeling has been provided. Fundamental transport phenomena in PEM fuel cells and the corresponding mathematical formulation of macroscale models are analyzed. Various important issues in PEM fuel cell modeling and simulation are examined in detail, including fluid flow and species transport, electron and proton transport, heat transfer and thermal management, liquid water transport and water management, transient response behaviors, and cold-start processes. Key areas for further improvements have also been discussed.

Keywords

PEM fuel cell Numerical modeling Multiscale simulation Two-phase transport Water management Thermal management 

List of symbols

List of symbols

a

Water activity or specific electrochemically active area, m2/m3

c

Molar concentration, mol/m3

cp

Constant-pressure heat capacity, J /(kg·K)

D

Mass diffusivity, m2/s

EW

Equivalent weight of membrane, kg/mol

F

Faraday constant, 96 487 C/mol

hpc

Phase-change parameter

i

Current density, A/m2

j

Transfer current density, A/m3

J

Leverett’s function

k

Thermal conductivity, W/(m·K)

K

Permeability, m2

p

Pressure, Pa

Ru

Universal gas constant, 8.314 J/(mol·K)

s

Liquid saturation or ice fraction

S

Source term in transport equations

t

Time, s

T

Temperature, K

u

Fluid velocity and superficial velocity in porous medium, m/s

Uo

Open-circuit potential, V

Ww

Water molecular weight, kg/mol

Greek

α

Transfer coefficient

ɛ

Porosity

Φ

Phase potential, V

η

Over potential, V

λ

Water content

κ

Proton conductivity, S/m

ρ

Density, kg/m3

σ

Electronic conductivity, S/m

θ

Contact angle

τ

Viscous stress tensor

Superscripts

eff

Effective value

ref

Reference value

sat

Saturation

v

Vapor

Subscripts

a

Anode

c

Cathode or capillary

e

Electrolyte

i

Species

ice

Ice

l

Liquid

m

Mass or membrane

s

Electron

T

Temperature

u

Velocity

vi

Vapor to ice

vl

Vapor to liquid

w

Water

λ

Water content

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Copyright information

© The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.School of Aeronautics and AstronauticsZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

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