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Assessment of different methods of rice (Oryza sativa. L) cultivation affecting growth parameters, soil chemical, biological, and microbiological properties, water saving, and grain yield in rice–rice system

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Abstract

Field experiments were conducted at DRR farm located at ICRISAT, Patancheru, in sandy clay loam soils during four seasons, Kharif 2008, Rabi 2008–2009, Kharif 2009 and Rabi 2009–2010, to investigate growth parameters, water-saving potential, root characteristics, chemical, biological, and microbial properties of rhizosphere soil, and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by comparing the plants grown with system of rice intensification (SRI) methods, with organic or organic + inorganic fertilization, against current recommended best management practices (BMP). All the growth parameters including plant height, effective tillers (10–45 %), panicle length, dry matter, root dry weight (24–57 %), and root volume (10–66 %) were found to be significantly higher with in SRI-organic + inorganic over BMP. With SRI-organic fertilization, growth parameters showed inconsistent results; however, root dry weight (3–77 %) and root volume (31–162 %) were found significantly superior compared to BMP. Grain yield was found significantly higher in SRI-organic + inorganic (12–23 and 4–35 % in the Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively), while with SRI-organic management, yield was found higher (4–34 %) only in the Rabi seasons compared to BMP. An average of 31 and 37 % of irrigation water were saved during Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively, with both SRI methods of rice cultivation compared to BMP. Further, total nitrogen, organic carbon%, soil dehydrogenase, microbial biomass carbon, total bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were found higher in the two SRI plots in comparison to BMP. It is concluded that SRI practices create favorable conditions for beneficial soil microbes to prosper, save irrigation water, and increase grain yield.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the World Wide Fund (WWF) for Nature for providing financial support for this research. We also thank all the staff of the biocontrol unit of ICRISAT including M/s. P.V.S. Prasad, P. Manohar, B. Nagappa, D. Barath, A. Jabbar, K. Deepthi, and S. Rohini for their significant inputs in the laboratory and field studies and professor Norman Uphoff for critical review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, 502 324, India

    Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan, Pagidi Humayun, V. Srinivas, B. Ratna Kumari, R. Vijayabharathi, V. Vinod Goud, N. Loganandhan, Biksham Gujja & Om Rupela

  2. Directorate of Rice Research (DRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500 030, India

    R. Mahender Kumar, K. Surekha, Ch. Padmavathi, N. Somashekar, P. Raghuveer Rao, P. C. Latha, L. V. Subba Rao, V. R. Babu & B. C. Viraktamath

  3. Department of Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India

    Amit Singh

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  1. Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan
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  2. R. Mahender Kumar
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Correspondence to Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan.

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Gopalakrishnan, S., Mahender Kumar, R., Humayun, P. et al. Assessment of different methods of rice (Oryza sativa. L) cultivation affecting growth parameters, soil chemical, biological, and microbiological properties, water saving, and grain yield in rice–rice system. Paddy Water Environ 12, 79–87 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-013-0362-6

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