Journal of General Plant Pathology

, Volume 73, Issue 3, pp 168–179 | Cite as

Biological roles of monoterpene volatiles derived from rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush) in citrus defense

  • Yumiko Yamasaki
  • Hitoshi Kunoh
  • Hiroyuki Yamamoto
  • Kazuya Akimitsu
Fungal Diseases
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Volatile compounds of plants, including monoterpenes, are a possible source of signal molecules that induce defense systems to protect plants from tissue damage. Volatile compounds from rough lemon leaves were trapped by solid-phase microextraction fibers in sealed vials, and subsequent gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography analyses identified the profile of the major components, mainly various monoterpenes. Among several monoterpenes examined, citral, citronellal, and linalool significantly inhibited the spore germination and hyphal growth of Alternaria alternata. The effect of linalool was fungistatic, while the effects of citral and citronellal were partially fungicidal. Wounding of rough lemon leaves induced a significant increase in release of monoterpenes. The release of linalool was the most abundant and was 14.5 times that of unwounded rough lemon leaves. Unlike the wounding treatment, microbe attack did not significantly change monoterpene releases, and there was statistically no difference found in the peak areas from microbe-treated and untreated leaves. Linalool, limonene, and β-pinene also had insect-repellant effects on wild-type Drosophila melanogaster. Expression patterns of defense-related genes in rough lemon and rice significantly changed after treatment with vapors of monoterpene volatiles. Taking these results together, monoterpene volatiles are likely to play roles in the defense of rough lemon against microbe and insect pathogens.

Keywords

Monoterpene Linalool Citrus Volatile Signaling 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge Dr. H. Tamura, Kagawa University, for various suggestions and guidance in GC and GC–MS analyses. Young trees and seeds of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush) were provided by Dr. H. Siotani, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Kuchinotsu Citrus Research Station, Japan; A. alternata isolate O-94 was provided by the Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Tottori University. This study was supported in part by grants for priority area (A) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences (PROBRAIN) and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation.

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Copyright information

© The Phytopathological Society of Japan and Springer 2007

Authors and Affiliations

  • Yumiko Yamasaki
    • 1
  • Hitoshi Kunoh
    • 2
  • Hiroyuki Yamamoto
    • 1
  • Kazuya Akimitsu
    • 1
  1. 1.Laboratory of Plant Pathology, United Graduate School and Faculty of AgricultureKagawa UniversityMikiJapan
  2. 2.Institute of Biological Process ResearchAkatsuka Orchid Co. LtdTsuJapan

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