Zeitschrift für Epileptologie

, Volume 22, Issue 3, pp 143–151 | Cite as

Psychiatrische Störungen bei Menschen mit Epilepsien und Intelligenzminderung

Übersicht
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Zusammenfassung

Intelligenzgeminderte Menschen mit Epilepsien haben bei eher dünner Studienlage häufig psychiatrische Störungen, deren Diagnose schwieriger sein kann als bei Normalbegabten. Methodisch lässt sich nicht eindeutig klären, ob solche psychiatrische Störungen häufiger sind als bei normalintelligenten Menschen mit Epilepsien. Dies hat insbesondere mit der Heterogenität dieser Gruppe zu tun. Sicher ist allerdings, dass die Verteilung psychiatrischer Krankheiten bei Minderbegabten anders ist. So gibt es in der Gruppe der leicht intelligenzgeminderten Menschen mit Epilepsien häufiger nichtepileptische Anfälle mit assoziierten psychiatrischen Störungen und in der Gruppe der schwerer behinderten Menschen deutlich häufiger Verhaltensauffälligkeiten. Auch besondere Störungen wie autistische Verhaltensweisen, Stereotypien, Autoaggressionen oder Ausscheidungsstörungen sind nahezu ausschließlich bei behinderten Menschen zu finden. Hier unterscheiden sich nochmals behinderte Kinder von Erwachsenen. Das Nebenwirkungsprofil von Antiepileptika in Bezug auf psychiatrische Störungen in dieser Patientengruppe ist nicht konsequent untersucht. Es gibt aber Präparate mit günstigem Verträglichkeitsspektrum, die sehr häufig ihren Einsatz finden, und solche, die aus Furcht vor Nebenwirkungen gemieden werden.

Schlüsselwörter

Psychiatrische Störung Intelligenzminderung Epilepsie Antiepileptika 

Psychiatric disorders in mentally disabled people with epilepsy

Abstract

Mentally handicapped people with epilepsy frequently have psychiatric disorders, but there are only a few studies on this topic. Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in handicapped people is more difficult; therefore, it is difficult to determine whether specific psychiatric diseases occur more often. Another reason is the heterogeneity of the group of mentally disabled people. The distribution of psychiatric diseases is different from non-handicapped people: psychogenic seizures are more commonly present in mildly mentally handicapped people, while behavior disorders are more frequent in the group of severely mental handicapped persons. Disorders like autistic behavior, stereotypia, auto-aggression and disorders of excretion appear nearly exclusively in the group of mentally handicapped people, especially in children. Psychiatric side effects of antiepileptic drugs are not very well studied in this group, but there are drugs that have very good tolerability, especially in mentally handicapped people, while there are other drugs with a high potential for psychiatric side effects.

Keywords

Psychiatric disorder Mental handicap Epilepsy Antiepileptic drug 
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Notes

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Copyright information

© Springer 2009

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Sächsisches Epilepsiezentrum RadebergRadebergDeutschland

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