Fermentation performance of an exopolysaccharide-producing strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus

Original Paper

Abstract

The formation of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and extracellular metabolites was studied in a strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (NCFB 2483), grown under batch culture conditions in a semi-defined medium incorporating lactose and casein hydrolysate. Performance parameters were derived from the fermentation data, and kinetic models were applied in order to describe the production of EPS, extracellular metabolites, and biomass produced. Lactose was split intracellularly, with the resultant galactose being exported from the cell, and the glucose being metabolised further to EPS and lactic acid. Production of EPS, lactate, and galactose was closely growth-associated and followed a pattern of primary kinetics. A marginally lower galactose level relative to the modelled levels throughout most of the time course of the fermentation suggests that not all galactose is exported from the cell, and that a low level of flux to other metabolites, such as EPS, might exist.

Keywords

Exopolysaccharide Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Fermentation modelling 

Notes

Acknowledgement

This study was supported in part by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science, and Technology through the TBG program.

References

  1. 1.
    Berkman T, Bozoglu TF, Özilgen M (1990) Mixed culture growth kinetics of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Enzyme Microb Technol 12:138–140CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Cerning J, Bouillanne C, Desmazeaud MJ, Landon M (1986) Isolation and characterisation of exocellular polysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Biotechnol Lett 8:625–628Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Degeest B, de Vuyst L (1999) Indication that the nitrogen source influences both amount and size of exopolysaccharides produced by Streptococcus thermophilus LY03 and modelling of the bacterial growth and exopolysaccharide production in a complex medium. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:2863–2870PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    De Man JC, Rogosa M, Sharpe ME (1960) A medium for the cultivation of lactobacilli. J Appl Bacteriol 23:130–135Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    De Vos WM, Vaughan EE (1994) Genetics of lactose utilisation in lactic acid bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 15:216–237Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    De Vuyst L, Vanderveken F, Van de Ven S, Degeest B (1998) Production by and isolation of exopolysaccharides from Streptococcus thermophilus grown in milk medium and evidence for their growth-associated biosynthesis. J Appl Microbiol 84:1059–1068CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    De Vuyst L, de Vin F, Vaningelgem F, Degeest B (2001) Recent developments in the biosynthesis and applications of heteropolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria. Int Dairy J 11:687–707CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Duboc P, Mollet B (2001) Applications of exopolysaccharides in the dairy industry. Int Dairy J 11:759–768CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F (1956) Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem 28:350–356Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    Gassem MA, Schmidt KA, Frank JA (1997) Exopolysaccharide production from whey lactose by fermentation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. J Food Sci 62:171–173Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    Grobben GJ, Sikkema J, Smith MR, de Bont JAM (1995) Production of extracellular polysaccharides by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NCFB 2772 grown in a chemically defined medium. J Appl Bacteriol 79:102–107Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    Grobben GJ, Van Casteren WHM, Schols HA, Oosterveld A, Sala G, Smith MR, Sikkema J, de Bont JAM (1997) Analysis of the exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NCFB 2772 grown in continuous culture on glucose and fructose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 48:516–521CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Gruter M, Leeflang BR, Kuiper J, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JFG (1993) Structural characterisation of the exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus RR grown in skimmed milk. Carbohydr Res 239:209–226PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Hutkins RW, Ponne C (1991) Lactose uptake driven by galactose efflux in Streptococcus thermophilus: evidence for a galactose-lactose antiporter. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:941–944Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Kandler O (1983) Carbohydrate metabolism in lactic acid bacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 49:209–224PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Kimmel SA, Roberts RF (1998) Development of a growth medium suitable for exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus RR. Int J Food Microbiol 40:87–92CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Klimek J, Ollis DF (1980) Extracellular microbial polysaccharides: kinetics of Pseudomonas sp., Azotobacter vinelandii, and Aureobasidium pullulans batch fermentations. Biotechnol Bioeng 22:2321–2342Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Lejeune R, Callewaert R, Crabbe K, de Vuyst L (1998) Modelling the growth and bacteriocin production by Lactobacillus amylovorus DCE 471 in batch cultivation. J Appl Microbiol 84:159–168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Luedeking R, Piret EL (1959) A kinetic study of the lactic acid fermentation. Batch process at controlled pH. J. Biochem Microbiol Technol Eng 1:393–412Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    Manca de Nadra MC, Strasse de Sand AM, Pesce de Ruiz Hoglado AA, Oliver G (1985) Extracellular polysaccharide production by Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Milchwissenschaft 40:409–411Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    Marshall VM, Laws AP, Gu Y, Levander F, Radstrom P, De Vuyst L, Degeest B, Vaningelgem F, Dunn H, Elvin M (2001) Exopolysaccharide-producing strains of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria cluster into groups according to their EPS structure. Lett Appl Microbiol 32:433–437CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Mercier P, Yerushalmi L, Rouleau D, Dochain D (1992) Kinetics of lactic acid fermentation on glucose and corn by Lactobacillus amylophilus. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 55:111–121Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    Parente E, Ricciardi A, Addario G (1994) Influence of pH on growth and bacteriocin production by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 140 NWC during batch fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 41:388–394CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Petry S, Furlan S, Crepeau M-J, Cerning J, Desmazeaud M (2000) Factors affecting exocellular polysaccharide production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus grown in a chemically defined medium. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:3427–3431CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Ross LF, Chapital DC (1987) Simultaneous determination of carbohydrates and products of carbohydrate metabolism in fermentation mixtures by HPLC. J Chromatogr Sci 25:112–117PubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Sutherland IW (1998) Novel and established applications of microbial polysaccharides. Trends Biotechnol 16:41–46PubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Toba T, Uemura H, Itoh T (1992) A new method for the quantitative determination of microbial extracellular polysaccharide production using a disposable ultrafilter membrane unit. Lett Appl Microbiol 14:30–32Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    Van Kranenburg R, Boels IC, Kleerebezem M, de Vos WM (1999) Genetics and engineering of microbial exopolysaccharides for food: approaches for the production of existing and novel polysaccharides. Curr Opin Biotechnol 10:498–504CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Weiss RM, Ollis DF (1980) Extracellular microbial polysaccharides Ι. Substrate, biomass, and product kinetic equations for batch xanthan gum fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 22:859–873Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    Zourari A, Accolas JP, Desmazeaud MJ (1992) Metabolism and biochemical characteristics of yogurt bacteria. A review. Lait 72:1–34Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Society for Industrial Microbiology 2003

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Institute of Technology and EngineeringMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
  2. 2.Fonterra Research CentreFonterra Cooperative Group Ltd.Palmerston NorthNew Zealand

Personalised recommendations