Abstract
The sole dysregulation of the cell cycle’s molecular program does not explain the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Metabolism adaptation is also required. When differentiated (quiescent) cells depend on lactic fermentation in the absence of oxygen (and mitochondrial respiration when oxygen is present), cancer cells rely on lactic fermentation independently of oxygen availability. This metabolic adaptation is named as the Warburg effect. In this review, we will discuss the initial discovery of the Warburg effect and argue that it is not a simple adaptation to hypoxia. The Warburg effect emerges as a complex phenomenon and is now a hallmark of cancer due to its universality and specific molecular regulation. These recent discoveries open novel avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Résumé
La prolifération chronique et incontrôlée des cellules cancéreuses n’est pas le résultat unique d’une dérégulation du contrôle moléculaire de la prolifération cellulaire,mais correspond aussi à une adaptation dumétabolisme énergétique à cette nouvelle demande. Alors que les cellules différenciées quiescentes utilisent la fermentation lactique en l’absence d’oxygène et la respiration mitochondriale en présence d’oxygène, les cellules cancéreuses utilisent la fermentation lactique quelles que soient les conditions d’oxygénation. Cette adaptation métabolique irréversible des cellules cancéreuses porte le nom d’effet Warburg. Dans cette revue, nous discuterons de la découverte de l’effet Warburg et argumenterons qu’il n’est pas qu’une simple adaptation à l’hypoxie. En effet, bien qu’une explication consensuelle de ses bénéfices reste un sujet actif de recherche, l’effet Warburg émerge aujourd’hui comme une propriété fondamentale des cancers par son universalité et sonmécanisme de régulationmoléculaire spécifique. Les découvertes récentes dans ce domaine ouvrent aujourd’hui de nouvelles applications cliniques à la fois diagnostiques (TEP-FDG) et thérapeutiques.
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Puyraimond-Zemmour, D., Vignot, S. Le métabolisme de la cellule tumorale : l’effet Warburg. Oncologie 15, 435–440 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10269-013-2318-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10269-013-2318-2