Guidelines EMA pour le développement de médicaments biosimilaires
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Résumé
Au cours des dix dernières années, les produits biologiques innovants ont eu un impact important dans le traitement demaladies sévères et chroniques tel que le cancer. De lamême façon que les génériques de petites molécules devinrent réalité dans l’Union européenne, l’expiration des brevets et des droits de protection des données a fait naître un intérêt grandissant pour le développement de médicaments biologiques similaires (biosimilaires). Cette tendance, particulièrement retrouvée dans le domaine de l’hématooncologie, s’est reflétée au niveau des activités de l’Agence européenne du médicament (EMA) à la fois en termes de conseils scientifiques et de procédure d’évaluation pour l’obtention d’autorisation de mise sur le marché (AMM). Depuis la création d’un cadre réglementaire européen adapté aux biosimilaires, le Comité des médicaments à usage humain (CHMP), soutenu par des groupes de travail multidisciplinaires, oeuvre afin de garantir l’accès à desmédicaments biosimilaires de qualité, c’est-à-dire ayant démontré la même qualité, efficacité et sécurité d’emploi que le médicament biologique de référence au cours d’un exercice de comparabilité. Afin de guider le développement de tels médicaments, l’EMA a produit plusieurs lignes directrices (guidelines) générales ainsi que produit-spécifiques. L’environnement réglementaire européen évolue rapidement en fonction de l’expérience acquise et des avancées scientifiques permettant ainsi d’assurer la continuité d’accès en Europe à desmédicaments biosimilaires de qualité pour les patients.
Mots clés
Médicament biologique similaire Biosimilaire Comparabilité Guidelines européennes Conseils scientifiques Autorisation de mise sur le marché Hémato-oncologieEMA guidelines for development of biosimilars
Abstract
For the past ten years, innovative biological products have had an important impact in treating life-threatening and chronic diseases such as cancer. With the expiry of patent rights and data protection, the development and marketing of similar biological products (biosimilars) like Generics for small entities became reality in the European Union. Particularly in hematology and oncology, biosimilars have been developed, as reflected in the activities of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in terms of scientific advice and marketing authorisation procedures. Since the creation of the European framework for biosimilar products, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) together with the relevant multidisciplinary working parties at the EMA has been working to give patients access to high-quality biosimilar products by ensuring that the quality, efficacy and safety of these biosimilar products are similar to that of the reference biological product. In order to facilitate the development and availability of such medicines, the Agency has produced several guidelines explaining the general principles of the comparability exercise as well as product-specific requirements. The European framework has been evolving with the experience gained and the scientific progress has made the availability of high-quality biosimilarmedicines inmore andmore product classes for the benefit of patients in Europe.
Keywords
Similar biological product Biosimilar Comparability European guidelines Scientific advices Hematology Oncology Marketing authorisationPreview
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Références
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