Odontology

, Volume 104, Issue 3, pp 318–323 | Cite as

Sustained release of calcium hydroxide from poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) acid microspheres for apexification

  • Bernardino Isaac Cerda-Cristerna
  • Alejandro Breceda-Leija
  • Verónica Méndez-González
  • Daniel Chavarría-Bolaños
  • Héctor Flores-Reyes
  • Arturo Garrocho-Rangel
  • Takashi Komabayashi
  • Aniket S. Wadajkar
  • Amaury J. Pozos-Guillén
Original Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Calcium hydroxide (CH) loaded poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) microspheres (MS) might be used for apexification requiring a sustained release of Ca2+. The aim of this study was to formulate and characterize CH-PLGA-MS. The CH-loaded MS were prepared by either oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil/in-water (W/O/W) emulsion solvent evaporation technique. MS produced by the O/W technique exhibited a larger diameter (18.63 ± 7.23 μm) than the MS produced by the W/O/W technique (15.25 ± 7.37 μm) (Mann–Whitney U test P < 0.001). The CH encapsulation efficiency (E e) and Ca2+ release were calculated from data obtained by absorption techniques. Ca2+ release profile was evaluated for 30 days. To know the E e, the CH-loaded MS were dissolved in 1 M NaOH to release all its content and a Ca2+ colorimetric marker was added to this solution. The reagent marked the Ca2+ in blue color, which was then measured by a UV–Vis system (650 nm). The percentage of E e was calculated on the basis of the theoretical loading. The E e of the O/W-produced MS was higher (24 %) than the corresponding percentage of the W/O/W-produced MS (11 %). O/W- and W/O/W-produced MS released slower and lower Ca2+ than a control CH paste with polyethylene glycol 400 (Kruskal–Wallis test). O/W-produced MS released higher Ca2+ than W/O/W-produced MS (statistically significant differences; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the CH-PLGA-MS were successfully formulated; the technique of formulation influenced the size, encapsulation efficiency and release profile. The MS were better sustained release system than the CH paste.

Keywords

Apexification Calcium hydroxide Microspheres Poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) acid Sustained drug delivery system 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by PROFOCIE 2014, FAI-UASLP 2015, grants as well as PROMEP-Postdoctoral grant for B.I. Cerda-Cristerna. The authors would like to thank American Journal Experts, for their assistance in editing this manuscript.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Copyright information

© The Society of The Nippon Dental University 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Bernardino Isaac Cerda-Cristerna
    • 1
  • Alejandro Breceda-Leija
    • 1
  • Verónica Méndez-González
    • 1
  • Daniel Chavarría-Bolaños
    • 2
  • Héctor Flores-Reyes
    • 1
  • Arturo Garrocho-Rangel
    • 3
  • Takashi Komabayashi
    • 4
  • Aniket S. Wadajkar
    • 5
  • Amaury J. Pozos-Guillén
    • 1
  1. 1.Postgraduate Endodontics Program, Faculty of DentistryUniversidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíSan Luis PotosíMexico
  2. 2.Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences Deparment, Faculty of DentistryUniversidad de Costa RicaSan JoséCosta Rica
  3. 3.Postgraduate Pediatrics Dentistry ProgramUniversidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíSan Luis PotosíMexico
  4. 4.College of Dental MedicineUniversity of New EnglandPortlandUSA
  5. 5.Department of Neurosurgery, School of MedicineUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUSA

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