Ichthyological Research

, Volume 65, Issue 1, pp 115–126 | Cite as

Phylogeography of the eight-barbel loach Lefua nikkonis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae): how important were straits in northern Japan as biogeographical barriers?

  • Akira Ooyagi
  • Daniel F. Mokodongan
  • Javier Montenegro
  • Ixchel F. Mandagi
  • Noriyuki Koizumi
  • Yoshiyasu Machida
  • Nobuyuki Inomata
  • Sergey V. Shedko
  • Arief A. Hutama
  • Renny K. Hadiaty
  • Kazunori Yamahira
Full Paper
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Abstract

Many straits in the Japanese archipelago have been proposed as biogeographical boundaries, but there is disagreement regarding their importance as historic barriers against dispersal of terrestrial and freshwater taxa. Mitochondrial DNA haplotype and phylogenetic analyses of Lefua nikkonis, a primary freshwater fish inhabiting northern Japan and descendent from Siberia, revealed that the species is genetically structured within its geographic range, but that two major haplotypes are widely distributed across the Ishikari Lowland of Hokkaido Island as well as across the Tsugaru Strait between Hokkaido and Honshu Islands, two well-known biogeographical boundaries of northern Japan. The two major haplotypes were separated from each other by only one mutational step, and many other haplotypes, including those endemic to the region south of these barriers, have diverged from the major haplotypes, suggesting rapid range expansion and local differentiation. Divergence-time estimates, based on vicariance of the Honshu endemic congener L. echigonia via uplift of the Central Highlands, demonstrated that the southward dispersal of L. nikkonis from Hokkaido Island to Honshu Island occurred less than 0.08–0.19 Mya, suggesting that a land bridge emerged at the Tsugaru Strait during the Riss glaciation. Given that other freshwater taxa crossed the strait earlier (during the Middle Pleistocene), it is likely that land bridges in the strait have repeatedly emerged. The fact that L. nikkonis invaded only the northern part of Honshu, and that many other freshwater species also have the limit of their distribution ranges in this area as well, indicates that a faunal transition zone might persist even without the Tsugaru Strait. Thus, straits and lowlands in northern Japan are likely to have been less important as dispersal barriers to freshwater taxa than is currently thought.

Keywords

Blakiston Line Dispersal Riss Glacial Land bridge Primary freshwater fish 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We thank Goto A, Kuwahara T, Miyazaki Y, Matsubara H, Miyazaki J, Koizumi I, Watanabe K, Takehana Y, Mukai T, Sakai T, Mishina T, Nakajima J, Takami Y, and Toda M for their valuable comments on this project. We also thank Yamaha E, Komazawa M, Takahashi H, Ichimura M, Azuma N, Takeda S, Kishida O, Mochida K, Ohbayashi K, Kanno T, Mori T, and Usui T for kindly helping with our field collections or for providing samples. This research was partially supported by a Kuromatsunai Biodiversity Conservation Research Grant to AO and KY.

Supplementary material

10228_2017_597_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (544 kb)
Supplementary material 1 (PDF 544 kb)
10228_2017_597_MOESM2_ESM.fas (77 kb)
Supplementary material 2 (FAS 77 kb)
10228_2017_597_MOESM3_ESM.docx (108 kb)
Supplementary material 3 (DOCX 108 kb)

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Copyright information

© The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Akira Ooyagi
    • 1
  • Daniel F. Mokodongan
    • 2
  • Javier Montenegro
    • 2
  • Ixchel F. Mandagi
    • 2
  • Noriyuki Koizumi
    • 3
  • Yoshiyasu Machida
    • 4
  • Nobuyuki Inomata
    • 5
  • Sergey V. Shedko
    • 6
  • Arief A. Hutama
    • 7
  • Renny K. Hadiaty
    • 8
  • Kazunori Yamahira
    • 2
  1. 1.Shimokita Field Science NestMutsuJapan
  2. 2.Tropical Biosphere Research CenterUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
  3. 3.Institute for Rural Engineering, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationIbarakiJapan
  4. 4.Bihoro MuseumBihoroJapan
  5. 5.Department of Environmental ScienceFukuoka Women’s UniversityFukuokaJapan
  6. 6.Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokRussia
  7. 7.Conservation International IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
  8. 8.Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, LIPICibinongIndonesia

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