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Segmental Neurofibromatosis Follows Blaschko’s Lines or Dermatomes Depending on the Cell Line Affected: Case Report and Literature Review

  • Case Report
  • Published:
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery

Abstract

Background

Segmental neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) has the characteristic features of generalized NF-1 but is isolated to a particular segment of the body. Segmental NF-1 results from a postzygotic mutation during embryogenesis in the NF-1 gene on chromosome 17. The embryologic timing of the mutation and cell types affected predict the clinical phenotype.

Objective

We present a case of a 52-year-old woman with segmental neurofibromas isolated to the right cheek and neck. We review the recent literature on the genetic and cellular differences between the various clinical manifestations of segmental NF-1.

Methods

A MEDLINE search for cases of segmental neurofibromatosis was conducted.

Results

In patients with segmental NF-1 presenting as neurofibromas-only, the distribution follows a neural distribution in dermatomes because the genetic mutation appears to be limited to Schwann cells. In patients with pigmentary changes only, the NF-1 mutation has been shown to occur in fibroblasts and the distribution tends to follow the lines of Blaschko.

Conclusion

Our patient’s neurofibromas were secondary to a postzygotic mutation in the NF-1 gene of neural crest–derived cells. This mutation most likely occurred later in embryogenesis in cells that had already differentiated to Schwann cells and were committed to the dermatomal distribution of the right neck and cheek region (C2).

Sommaire

Antécédents

La neurofibromatose périphérique de type 1 segmentaire, ou encore NF-1 segmentaire, présente les caractéristiques générales d’une NF-1 tout en étant isolée à une zone particulière du corps. La NF-1 segmentaire résulte d’une mutation post-zygotique durant I’embryogènese dans le gène NF-1 , sur le chromosome 17. La période de la mutation embryologique et les types de cellules affectées prédisent le phénotype clinique.

Objectif

Nous étudions le cas d’une femme de 52 ans presentant des neurofibromes segmentaires isolés à la joue et au cou du côté droit. Nous passons en revue les récentes publications portant sur les différences génétiques et cellulaires entre les diverses manifestations de la NF-1 segmentaire.

Methodes

Une recherche des cas de neurofibromatose segmentaire dans la base de données MEDLINE a été effectuée.

Resultats

Chez les patients ayant une NF-1 segmentaire se manifestant sous forme de neurofibromes seulement, la distribution suit une distribution neurale des dermatomes car la mutation génétique semble se limiter aux cellules de Schwann. Chez les patients qui souffrent uniquement d’un changement pigmentaire, il a été démontré que la mutation NF-1 a lieu dans les fibroblastes et la distribution a tendance à suivre les lignes de Blaschko.

Conclusion

Les neurofibromes de notre patiente étaient consécutifs à une mutation post-zygotique dans le gène NF-1 de cellules dérivées de la crête neurale. II est très probable que cette mutation ait eu lieu plus tard durant l’embryogenèsè des cellules qui s’étaient déjà spécialisées en cellules de Schwann et avaient deja été rattachées au cou et à la joue, du côté droit (C2).

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Correspondence to James C. Shaw.

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Redlick, F.P., Shaw, J.C. Segmental Neurofibromatosis Follows Blaschko’s Lines or Dermatomes Depending on the Cell Line Affected: Case Report and Literature Review. J Cutan Med Surg 8, 353–356 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10227-005-0029-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10227-005-0029-z

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