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Optical water types found in Brazilian waters

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Abstract

Optical water types (OWTs) can represent diverse ranges of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total suspended matter (TSM), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) concentrations, which make them extremely useful for monitoring water quality, for example, detecting eutrophic conditions or tuning remote sensing algorithms. In this study, the objective is to assess OWTs found in Brazilian waters using in situ remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), acquired for water bodies encompassing a wide range of optical characteristics. Eight OWTs are obtained based on Rrs spectral shape and magnitude, which represent different limnological characteristics of Brazilian waters. The OWT 1 is clear waters with low TSM, Chl-a, and CDOM (median (\(\tilde{x}\)): TSM of 2.64 g m−3, Chl-a of 6.04 mg m−3, and CDOM of 0.6 m−1); OWT 2 represents moderate turbid waters (TSM \(\tilde{x}\): 5.14); OWTs 3, 4, and 5 are characterized by waters with high Chl-a concentration (\(\tilde{x}\): 33.1, 39.6, and 180.4 mg m−3, respectively); OWT 6 is characterized with the highest CDOM concentration (\(\tilde{x}\): 4.07 m−1); OWTs 7 and 8 consist of waters with the highest TSM concentrations from terrestrial input (\(\tilde{x}\): 19.55 and 93.25, respectively). Hence, those OWTs could support satellite monitoring by helping to tune algorithms and also providing wide spatial–temporal monitoring.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001; the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) from projects no. 2014/23903-9, 2013/09045-7, 2012/19821-1, and 2008/56252-0, and the Monitoramento Ambiental por Satélites no Bioma Amazônia—Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (MSA-BNDES) from project no. 1022114003005.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil

    Edson Filisbino Freire da Silva & Evlyn Márcia Leão de Moraes Novo

  2. CDTec, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil

    Felipe de Lucia Lobo

  3. Image Processing Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil

    Claudio Clemente Faria Barbosa, Carolline Tressmann Cairo, Daniel Andrade Maciel & Rogério Flores Júnior

  4. Center of Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, Brazil

    Mauricio Almeida Noernberg

  5. Department of Cartography, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, Brazil

    Luiz Henrique da Silva Rotta

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  1. Edson Filisbino Freire da Silva
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  2. Evlyn Márcia Leão de Moraes Novo
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Correspondence to Edson Filisbino Freire da Silva.

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da Silva, E.F.F., Novo, E.M.L.M., Lobo, F.L. et al. Optical water types found in Brazilian waters. Limnology 22, 57–68 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-020-00633-z

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