Neurosurgical Review

, Volume 41, Issue 1, pp 95–108 | Cite as

Unique features of pregnancy-related meningiomas: lessons learned from 148 reported cases and theoretical implications of a prolactin modulated pathogenesis

Review
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

Meningiomas are some of the most frequently encountered adult intracranial tumors. Dramatic flare ups in size may occasionally be observed during pregnancy, leading to complicated clinical scenarios, with profound effects and substantial risks for both the mother’s and the fetus’s well-being. Despite the fact that such changes have largely been attributed to progesterone-based mechanisms, recent studies have put this theory into question or defied it. In order to assess these particular tumors carefully and to try and clarify the pathophysiology of such pregnancy-related meningioma growth, an in-depth review of the pertinent literature was undertaken. Based on clinical, radiographic, and pathological data gathered from 148 reported cases, we have found several unique features characterizing these pregnancy-related meningiomas. The presence of such observed features was found to be of high statistical significance when compared to their expected prevalence in the general population and included the following: (1) parasellar location, (2) anterior circulation blood supply, (3) visual symptoms at presentation, (4) high rate of clear-cell and chordoid morphology. A hypothesis is developed that these features are related to hormonal influences of the pituitary gland, and we discuss that this may be due to elevated prolactin levels. We encourage further research to test this exciting new theory.

Keywords

Pregnancy Meningioma Prolactin Pituitary 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

References

  1. 1.
    Abbassi-Ghanavati M, Greer LG, Cunningham FG (2009) Pregnancy and laboratory studies: a reference table for clinicians. Obstet Gynecol 114:1326–1331. doi: 10.1097/AOG.1320b1013e3181c1322bde1328 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Abry E, Thomassen IO, Salvesen OO, Torp SH (2010) The significance of Ki-67/MIB-1 labeling index in human meningiomas: a literature study. Pathol Res Pract 206:810–815. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2010.1009.1002 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    al-Habori M, Peak M, Thomas TH, Agius L (1992) The role of cell swelling in the stimulation of glycogen synthesis by insulin. Biochem J 282:789–796PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Andersen L, Friis S, Hallas J, Ravn P, Schroder HD, Gaist D (2013) Hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of cranial meningioma. Eur J Cancer 49:3303–3310. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.05.026 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Anderson D, Khalil M (1981) Meningioma and the ophthalmologist. A review of 80 cases. Ophthalmology 88:1004–1009PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Bakar B, Sav A, Tekkok IH (2010) Giant chordoid meningioma symptomatic immediately after pregnancy: report of a rare case. Clin Neuropathol 29:163–168PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Balki M, Manninen PH (2004) Craniotomy for suprasellar meningioma in a 28-week pregnant woman without fetal heart rate monitoring. Can J Anaesth 51:573–576. doi: 10.1007/bf03018400 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Barresi V (2011) Angiogenesis in meningiomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 28:99–106. doi: 10.1007/s10014-10010-10012-10012 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Bassiouni H, Asgari S, Konig HJ, Stolke D (2008) Meningiomas of the falcotentorial junction: selection of the surgical approach according to the tumor type. Surg Neurol 69:339–349, discussion 349PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Baxter DS, Smith P, Stewart K, Murphy M (2009) Clear cell meningioma presenting as rapidly deteriorating visual field and acuity during pregnancy. J Clin Neurosci 16:1502–1504. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.1502 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Benson VS, Kirichek O, Beral V, Green J (2015) Menopausal hormone therapy and central nervous system tumor risk: large UK prospective study and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 136:2369–2377. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29274 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Bhavsar SK, Hosseinzadeh Z, Merches K, Gu S, Broer S, Lang F (2011) Stimulation of the amino acid transporter SLC6A19 by JAK2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 414:456–461. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.074 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Bickerstaff ER, Small JM, Guest IA (1958) The relapsing course of certain meningiomas in relation to pregnancy and menstruation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 21:89–91PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Boyle-Walsh E, Shenkin A, White MC, Fraser WD (1995) Effect of glycoprotein and protein hormones on human meningioma cell proliferation in vitro. J Endocrinol 145:155–161PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Brandis A, Mirzai S, Tatagiba M, Walter GF, Samii M, Ostertag H (1993) Immunohistochemical detection of female sex hormone receptors in meningiomas: correlation with clinical and histological features. Neurosurgery 33:212–217, discussion 217-218PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Breves JP, McCormick SD, Karlstrom RO (2014) Prolactin and teleost ionocytes: new insights into cellular and molecular targets of prolactin in vertebrate epithelia. Gen Comp Endocrinol 203:21–28. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.12.014 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Britt K, Ashworth A, Smalley M (2007) Pregnancy and the risk of breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 14:907–933. doi: 10.1677/ERC-07-0137 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Cahill DW, Bashirelahi N, Solomon LW, Dalton T, Salcman M, Ducker TB (1984) Estrogen and progesterone receptors in meningiomas. J Neurosurg 60:985–993. doi: 10.3171/jns.1984.60.5.0985 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Carroll RS, Schrell UM, Zhang J, Dashner K, Nomikos P, Fahlbusch R, Black PM (1996) Dopamine D1, dopamine D2, and prolactin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression by the polymerase chain reaction in human meningiomas. Neurosurgery 38:367–375PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Carroll RS, Zhang J, Dashner K, Black PM (1995) Progesterone and glucocorticoid receptor activation in meningiomas. Neurosurgery 37:92–97PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Cattoretti G, Becker MH, Key G, Duchrow M, Schluter C, Galle J, Gerdes J (1992) Monoclonal antibodies against recombinant parts of the Ki-67 antigen (MIB 1 and MIB 3) detect proliferating cells in microwave-processed formalin-fixed paraffin sections. J Pathol 168:357–363PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Chacko JG, Miller JL, Angtuaco EJ (2010) Spontaneous postpartum resolution of vision loss caused by a progesterone receptor-positive tuberculum sellae meningioma. J Neuroophthalmol 30:132–134. doi: 10.1097/WNO.1090b1013e3181da1099d1059 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Chen D, Song M, Mohamad O, Yu SP (2014) Inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase induces hybrid cell death and enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy in human glioblastoma cells. BMC Cancer 14:716. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-716 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Ciccarelli E, Razzore P, Gaia D, Todaro C, Longo A, Forni M, Ghe C, Camanni F, Muccioli G, Faccani G et al (2001) Hyperprolactinaemia and prolactin binding in benign intracranial tumours. J Neurosurg Sci 45:70–74PubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Clapp C, Thebault S, Macotela Y, Moreno-Carranza B, Triebel J, Martinez de la Escalera G (2015) Regulation of blood vessels by prolactin and vasoinhibins. Adv Exp Med Biol 846:83–95. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-12114-7_4 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Claus EB, Black PM, Bondy ML, Calvocoressi L, Schildkraut JM, Wiemels JL, Wrensch M (2007) Exogenous hormone use and meningioma risk: what do we tell our patients? Cancer 110:471–476. doi: 10.1002/cncr.22783 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Claus EB, Bondy ML, Schildkraut JM, Wiemels JL, Wrensch M, Black PM (2005) Epidemiology of intracranial meningioma. Neurosurgery 57:1088–1095, discussion 1088-1095PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Cohen-Gadol AA, Friedman JA, Friedman JD, Tubbs RS, Munis JR, Meyer FB (2009) Neurosurgical management of intracranial lesions in the pregnant patient: a 36-year institutional experience and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 111:1150–1157. doi: 10.3171/2009.1153.JNS081160 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Commins DL, Atkinson RD, Burnett ME (2007) Review of meningioma histopathology. Neurosurg Focus 23:E3PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Corbacho AM, Martinez De La Escalera G, Clapp C (2002) Roles of prolactin and related members of the prolactin/growth hormone/placental lactogen family in angiogenesis. J Endocrinol 173:219–238PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Couce ME, Aker FV, Scheithauer BW (2000) Chordoid meningioma: a clinicopathologic study of 42 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 24:899–905PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Cushing H EL (1938) Meningiomas: their classification, regional behavior, life history and surgical end results. Charles C Thomas, CityGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Custer B, Longstreth WT Jr, Phillips LE, Koepsell TD, Van Belle G (2006) Hormonal exposures and the risk of intracranial meningioma in women: a population-based case-control study. BMC Cancer 6:152PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    David J. Fiorella VRD, Cameron G. Mcdougall, Robert F. Spetzler, Felipe C. Albuquerque (2009) Preoperative embolization of meningiomas. In: Lee JH (ed) Meningiomas: diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Springer - Verlag, City, p 95–96Google Scholar
  35. 35.
    David O. Okonkwo ERL, Jr. (2009) Meningioma: historical perspective. In: Lee JH (ed) Meningiomas: diagnosis, treatment and outcomes. Springer - Verlag, City, p 6Google Scholar
  36. 36.
    Denise M. D. Abech JFSP-L, Carolina G. S. Leães, Rosalva T. Meurer, Lígia M. Barbosa-Coutinho, Nelson P. Ferreira, Miriam C. Oliveira (2012) Cell replication and angiogenesis in central nervous system tumors and their relationship with the expression of tissue prolactin and hyperprolactinemia. Open J Pathol 2:50–57Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    Dombro RS, Bender AS, Norenberg MD (2000) Association between cell swelling and glycogen content in cultured astrocytes. Int J Dev Neurosci 18:161–169PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Doyle S, Messiou C, Rutherford JM, Dineen RA (2009) Cancer presenting during pregnancy: radiological perspectives. Clin Radiol 64:857–871. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2008.1008.1020 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Dubel GJ, Ahn SH, Soares GM (2013) Contemporary endovascular embolotherapy for meningioma. Semin Intervent Radiol 30:263–277. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1353479 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    Ebner FH, Bornemann A, Wilhelm H, Ernemann U, Honegger J (2008) Tuberculum sellae meningioma symptomatic during pregnancy: pathophysiological considerations. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 150:189–193. doi: 10.1007/s00701-00007-01417-00705, discussion 193CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Fewings PE, Battersby RD, Timperley WR (2000) Long-term follow up of progesterone receptor status in benign meningioma: a prognostic indicator of recurrence? J Neurosurg 92:401–405. doi: 10.3171/jns.2000.92.3.0401 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    Findling JW, Kehoe ME, Raff H (2004) Identification of patients with Cushing’s disease with negative pituitary adrenocorticotropin gradients during inferior petrosal sinus sampling: prolactin as an index of pituitary venous effluent. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:6005–6009PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. 43.
    Freeman ME, Kanyicska B, Lerant A, Nagy G (2000) Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion. Physiol Rev 80:1523–1631PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    Gazzeri R, Galarza M, Gazzeri G (2007) Growth of a meningioma in a transsexual patient after estrogen-progestin therapy. N Engl J Med 357:2411–2412. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc071938 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. 45.
    Gebel J, Frank JI (1995) An unusual case of postpartum stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 5:235–237. doi: 10.1016/S1052-3057(1010)80195-80198 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    Giannini A, Bricchi M (1999) Posterior fossa surgery in the sitting position in a pregnant patient with cerebellopontine angle meningioma. Br J Anaesth 82:941–944PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Han Y, Watling D, Rogers NC, Stark GR (1997) JAK2 and STAT5, but not JAK1 and STAT1, are required for prolactin-induced beta-lactoglobulin transcription. Mol Endocrinol 11:1180–1188. doi: 10.1210/mend.11.8.9952 PubMedGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    Hatiboglu MA, Cosar M, Iplikcioglu AC, Ozcan D (2008) Sex steroid and epidermal growth factor profile of giant meningiomas associated with pregnancy. Surg Neurol 69:356–362. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2007.03.013, discussion 362-353PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    Helseth A, Mork SJ, Glattre E (1989) Neoplasms of the central nervous system in Norway. V. Meningioma and cancer of other sites. An analysis of the occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms in meningioma patients in Norway from 1955 through 1986. Apmis 97:738–744PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. 50.
    Hirohata M, Abe T, Morimitsu H, Fujimura N, Shigemori M, Norbash AM (2003) Preoperative selective internal carotid artery dural branch embolisation for petroclival meningiomas. Neuroradiology 45:656–660PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. 51.
    Hosseinzadeh Z, Bhavsar SK, Lang F (2012) Down-regulation of the myoinositol transporter SMIT by JAK2. Cell Physiol Biochem 30:1473–1480. doi: 10.1159/000343335 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. 52.
    Hosseinzadeh Z, Bhavsar SK, Lang F (2012) Downregulation of ClC-2 by JAK2. Cell Physiol Biochem 29:737–742. doi: 10.1159/000178560 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. 53.
    Hsu DW, Efird JT, Hedley-Whyte ET (1997) Progesterone and estrogen receptors in meningiomas: prognostic considerations. J Neurosurg 86:113–120. doi: 10.3171/jns.1997.86.1.0113 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    Idowu OE, Shokunbi MT, Amanor-Boadu SD, Roberts OA, Eyo C (2004) Surgical management of tuberculum sellae meningioma in a patient with a twin pregnancy: case report. Surg Neurol 62:60–63. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2003.07.007 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. 55.
    Isla A, Alvarez F, Gonzalez A, Garcia-Grande A, Perez-Alvarez M, Garcia-Blazquez M (1997) Brain tumor and pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 89:19–23PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. 56.
    Ismail K, Coakham HB, Walters FJ (1998) Intracranial meningioma with progesterone positive receptors presenting in late pregnancy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 15:106–109PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. 57.
    Jain D, Sharma MC, Sarkar C, Suri V, Garg A, Singh M, Sharma BS, Mahapatra AK (2007) Clear cell meningioma, an uncommon variant of meningioma: a clinicopathologic study of nine cases. J Neurooncol 81:315–321. doi: 10.1007/s11060-006-9237-7 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. 58.
    Jhawar BS, Ranger A, Steven D, Del Maestro RF (2003) Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage among full-term infants: a case-control study. Neurosurgery 52:581–590, discussion 588-590PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. 59.
    Jimenez-Hakim E, el-Azouzi M, Black PM (1993) The effect of prolactin and bombesin on the growth of meningioma-derived cells in monolayer culture. J Neurooncol 16:185–190PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. 60.
    Johnson MD, O’Connell M (2013) Na-K-2Cl cotransporter and aquaporin 1 in arachnoid granulations, meningiomas, and meningiomas invading dura. Hum Pathol 44:1118–1124. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.09.020 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. 61.
    Johnson N, Sermer M, Lausman A, Maxwell C (2009) Obstetric outcomes of women with intracranial neoplasms. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 105:56–59. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.1011.1037 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. 62.
    Kanaan I, Jallu A, Kanaan H (2003) Management strategy for meningioma in pregnancy: a clinical study. Skull Base 13:197–203. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-817695 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. 63.
    Kasper EM, Hess PE, Silasi M, Lim KH, Gray J, Reddy H, Gilmore L, Kasper B (2010) A pregnant female with a large intracranial mass: reviewing the evidence to obtain management guidelines for intracranial meningiomas during pregnancy. Surg Neurol Int 1:95. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.74242 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. 64.
    Kerschbaumer J, Freyschlag CF, Stockhammer G, Taucher S, Maier H, Thome C, Seiz-Rosenhagen M (2015) Hormone-dependent shrinkage of a sphenoid wing meningioma after pregnancy: case report. J Neurosurg: 1–4 doi: 10.3171/2014.12.jns142112
  65. 65.
    Khong SY, Leach J, Greenwood C (2007) Meningioma mimicking puerperal psychosis. Obstet Gynecol 109:515–516PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  66. 66.
    Korshunov A, Shishkina L, Golanov A (2003) Immunohistochemical analysis of p16INK4a, p14ARF, p18INK4c, p21CIP1, p27KIP1 and p73 expression in 271 meningiomas correlation with tumor grade and clinical outcome. Int J Cancer 104:728–734PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. 67.
    Krovvidi H, Sharma S, Danks J (2008) Postpartum neurologic deficit: an intracranial cause. Int J Obstet Anesth 17:378–379. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2008.1006.1002 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  68. 68.
    Kumar S, Gupta V, Khandelwal N (2013) Hemorrhage in meningioma: an unwanted outcome of pregnancy. Neurol India 61:329–330. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.115098 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  69. 69.
    Kurdoglu Z, Cetin O, Gulsen I, Dirik D, Bulut MD (2014) Intracranial meningioma diagnosed during pregnancy caused maternal death. Case Rep Med 158326:10Google Scholar
  70. 70.
    Lee E, Grutsch J, Persky V, Glick R, Mendes J, Davis F (2006) Association of meningioma with reproductive factors. Int J Cancer 119:1152–1157. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21950 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  71. 71.
    Lee JH (2009) Meningiomas: diagnosis, treatment and outcomes. Springer - Verlag, CityGoogle Scholar
  72. 72.
    Lee KH, Lall RR, Chandler JP, Bigio EH, Mao Q (2013) Pineal chordoid meningioma complicated by repetitive hemorrhage during pregnancy: case report and literature review. Neuropathology 33:192–198. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2012.01337.x PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  73. 73.
    Litan A, Langhans SA (2015) Cancer as a channelopathy: ion channels and pumps in tumor development and progression. Front Cell Neurosci 9:86. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00086 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  74. 74.
    Loretz CA, Bern HA (1982) Prolactin and osmoregulation in vertebrates. An update. Neuroendocrinology 35:292–304PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  75. 75.
    Lusis EA, Scheithauer BW, Yachnis AT, Fischer BR, Chicoine MR, Paulus W, Perry A (2012) Meningiomas in pregnancy: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases. Neurosurgery 71:951–961. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0b013e31826adf65 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  76. 76.
    Mathis S, Bataille B, Boucebci S, Jeantet M, Ciron J, Vandamme L, Neau JP (2013) A rare cause of stroke in young adults: occlusion of the middle cerebral artery by a meningioma postpartum. Case Rep Neurol Med 652538:2Google Scholar
  77. 77.
    Mealey J Jr, Carter JE (1968) Spinal cord tumor during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 32:204–209PubMedGoogle Scholar
  78. 78.
    Mendes GA, Pereira-Lima JF, Kohek MB, Trott G, Di Domenico M, Ferreira NP, Oliveira Mda C (2013) Prolactin gene expression in primary central nervous system tumors. J Negat Results Biomed 12:4. doi: 10.1186/1477-5751-1112-1184 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  79. 79.
    Michelsen JJ, New PF (1969) Brain tumour and pregnancy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 32:305–307PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  80. 80.
    Moscovici S, Fraifeld S, Cohen JE, Dotan S, Elchalal U, Shoshan Y, Spektor S (2014) Parasellar meningiomas in pregnancy: surgical results and visual outcomes. World Neurosurg 82:e503–e512. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.06.019 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  81. 81.
    Muccioli G, Ghe C, Faccani G, Lanotte M, Forni M, Ciccarelli E (1997) Prolactin receptors in human meningiomas: characterization and biological role. J Endocrinol 153:365–371PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  82. 82.
    Nakamura M, Samii M (2003) Surgical management of a meningioma in the retrosellar region. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 145:215–219. doi: 10.1007/s00701-002-1053-z, discussion 219-220CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  83. 83.
    Narayansingh GV, Ramsewak S, Cross JN, Adam RU, Kissoon W (1992) Worsening neurological status in late pregnancy: consider meningioma. Postgrad Med J 68:486PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  84. 84.
    Nassehi D (2013) Intracranial meningiomas, the VEGF-A pathway, and peritumoral brain oedema. Dan Med J 60:B4626PubMedGoogle Scholar
  85. 85.
    Newton HB (2016) Handbook of Neuro-Oncology Neuroimaging. Elsevier, New-YorkGoogle Scholar
  86. 86.
    Nishio S, Morioka T, Suzuki S, Takeshita I, Ikezaki K, Fukui M, Nakano H (1996) Primary brain tumours manifesting during pregnancy: presentation of six cases and a review of the literature. J Clin Neurosci 3:334–337PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  87. 87.
    Nishioka T, Kondo A, Aoyama I, Shimotake K, Takahashi J, Kusaka H (1989) Primary interosseous meningioma associated with pregnancy—case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 29:619–623CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  88. 88.
    Ossama Al-Mefty SIA, Georges F. Haddad (2011) Meningiomas. In: Winn HR (ed) Youmans Neurological Surgery 6th edn. Saunders, CityGoogle Scholar
  89. 89.
    Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Fulop J, Liu M, Blanda R, Kromer C, Wolinsky Y, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS (2015) CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2008-2012. Neuro Oncol 17(Suppl 4):iv1–iv62. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nov189 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  90. 90.
    Otton GR, Giles W, Walters WA (1997) Large meningioma complicating pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 37:466–469PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  91. 91.
    Owens MA, Craig BM, Egan KM, Reed DR (2015) Birth desires and intentions of women diagnosed with a meningioma. J Neurosurg 122:1151–1156. doi: 10.3171/2014.1111.JNS14522 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  92. 92.
    Patel S, Sharan V (2010) Meningioma in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol 30:56–57. doi: 10.3109/01443610903267465 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  93. 93.
    Pearson BE, Markert JM, Fisher WS, Guthrie BL, Fiveash JB, Palmer CA, Riley K (2008) Hitting a moving target: evolution of a treatment paradigm for atypical meningiomas amid changing diagnostic criteria. Neurosurg Focus 24:E3. doi: 10.3171/FOC/2008/3124/3175/E3173 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  94. 94.
    Perry A, Cai DX, Scheithauer BW, Swanson PE, Lohse CM, Newsham IF, Weaver A, Gutmann DH (2000) Merlin, DAL-1, and progesterone receptor expression in clinicopathologic subsets of meningioma: a correlative immunohistochemical study of 175 cases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59:872–879PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  95. 95.
    Perry A LD, Scheithauer BW, Budka H, von Diemling A (2000) Meningioma. In: Kleihues P CW (ed) Pathology and genetics of tumours of the nervous system World Health Organisation classification of tumours IARC Press, City, p 176–184Google Scholar
  96. 96.
    Perry A LD, Scheithauer BW, Budka H, von Diemling A (2007) Meningiomas. In: Louis DN OH, Wiestler OD (ed) World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. IARC, City, p 164–172Google Scholar
  97. 97.
    Perry A, Stafford SL, Scheithauer BW, Suman VJ, Lohse CM (1997) Meningioma grading: an analysis of histologic parameters. Am J Surg Pathol 21:1455–1465PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  98. 98.
    Pettorini BL, Park YS, Caldarelli M, Massimi L, Tamburrini G, Di Rocco C (2008) Radiation-induced brain tumours after central nervous system irradiation in childhood: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 24:793–805. doi: 10.1007/s00381-008-0631-7 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  99. 99.
    Pliskow S, Herbst SJ, Saiontz HA, Cove H, Ackerman RT (1995) Intracranial meningioma with positive progesterone receptors. A case report. J Reprod Med 40:154–156PubMedGoogle Scholar
  100. 100.
    Prayson RA (2009) Pathology of meningiomas. In: Lee JH (ed) Meningiomas Diagnosis, treatment and outcomes. Springer - Verlag, City, p 34Google Scholar
  101. 101.
    pregnancy CPNsi (1974) Neurologic surgery in pregnancy. In: Barber HR GE, eds. (ed) Surgical Disease in Pregnancy WB Saunders, City, p 203–224Google Scholar
  102. 102.
    Rand CW, Andler M (1950) Tumors of the brain complicating pregnancy. Arch Neurol Psychiatr 63:1–41, illust CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  103. 103.
    Rasmussen LJ, Muller HS, Jorgensen B, Pedersen SF, Hoffmann EK (2015) Osmotic shrinkage elicits FAK- and Src phosphorylation and Src-dependent NKCC1 activation in NIH3T3 cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 308:C101–C110. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00070.2014 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  104. 104.
    Rodriguez-Porcel F, Hughes I, Anderson D, Lee J, Biller J (2013) Foster Kennedy Syndrome Due to Meningioma Growth during Pregnancy. Front Neurol 4Google Scholar
  105. 105.
    Rodriguez EM, Blazquez JL, Guerra M (2010) The design of barriers in the hypothalamus allows the median eminence and the arcuate nucleus to enjoy private milieus: the former opens to the portal blood and the latter to the cerebrospinal fluid. Peptides 31:757–776. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.01.003 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  106. 106.
    Roelvink NC, Kamphorst W, van Alphen HA, Rao BR (1987) Pregnancy-related primary brain and spinal tumors. Arch Neurol 44:209–215PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  107. 107.
    Rohringer M, Sutherland GR, Louw DF, Sima AA (1989) Incidence and clinicopathological features of meningioma. J Neurosurg 71:665–672PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  108. 108.
    Sadetzki S, Flint-Richter P, Ben-Tal T, Nass D (2002) Radiation-induced meningioma: a descriptive study of 253 cases. J Neurosurg 97:1078–1082. doi: 10.3171/jns.2002.97.5.1078 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  109. 109.
    Sahu S, Lata I, Gupta D (2010) Management of pregnant female with meningioma for craniotomy. J Neurosci Rural Pract 1:35–37. doi: 10.4103/0976-3147.63101 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  110. 110.
    Saitoh Y, Oku Y, Izumoto S, Go J (1989) Rapid growth of a meningioma during pregnancy: relationship with estrogen and progesterone receptors--case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 29:440–443CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  111. 111.
    Schlehofer B, Blettner M, Wahrendorf J (1992) Association between brain tumors and menopausal status. J Natl Cancer Inst 84:1346–1349PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  112. 112.
    Schnitt SJ, Vogel H (1986) Meningiomas. Diagnostic value of immunoperoxidase staining for epithelial membrane antigen. Am J Surg Pathol 10:640–649PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  113. 113.
    Schoenberg BS, Christine BW, Whisnant JP (1975) Nervous system neoplasms and primary malignancies of other sites. The unique association between meningiomas and breast cancer. Neurology 25:705–712PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  114. 114.
    Scott A, Sharkawi E, Micallef C, Johns P, Grant L (2008) Chordoid meningioma presenting as painful orbital apex syndrome in pregnancy. Int Ophthalmol 28:355–357PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  115. 115.
    Selvaraj NG, Omi E, Gibori G, Rao MC (2000) Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) regulates prolactin-mediated chloride transport in mouse mammary epithelial cells through tyrosine phosphorylation of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter. Mol Endocrinol 14:2054–2065. doi: 10.1210/mend.14.12.0568 PubMedGoogle Scholar
  116. 116.
    Shitara S, Nitta N, Fukami T, Nozaki K (2012) Tuberculum sellae meningioma causing progressive visual impairment during pregnancy. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 52:607–611CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  117. 117.
    Smith JS, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Harmon-Smith M, Bollen AW, McDermott MW (2005) Sex steroid and growth factor profile of a meningioma associated with pregnancy. Can J Neurol Sci 32:122–127PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  118. 118.
    Soares Leaes CG, Filho AP, Pereira Lima JF, Dallago CM, Batista RL, Barbosa-Coutinho LM, Ferreira NP, da Costa OM (2007) Hyperprolactinemia and immunohistochemical expression of intracellular prolactin and prolactin receptor in primary central nervous system tumors and their relationship with cellular replication. Brain Tumor Pathol 24:41–46. doi: 10.1007/s10014-007-0220-6 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  119. 119.
    Spring KR (1998) Routes and mechanism of fluid transport by epithelia. Annu Rev Physiol 60:105–119. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.60.1.105 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  120. 120.
    Tilzer LL, Plapp FV, Evans JP, Stone D, Alward K (1982) Steroid receptor proteins in human meningiomas. Cancer 49:633–636PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  121. 121.
    Turner KL, Sontheimer H (2014) Cl- and K+ channels and their role in primary brain tumour biology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 369:20130095. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0095 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  122. 122.
    Vadivelu S, Sharer L, Schulder M (2010) Regression of multiple intracranial meningiomas after cessation of long-term progesterone agonist therapy. J Neurosurg 112:920–924. doi: 10.3171/2009.8.JNS09201 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  123. 123.
    Vaquero J, Marcos ML, Martinez R, Bravo G (1983) Estrogen- and progesterone-receptor proteins in intracranial tumors. Surg Neurol 19:11–13PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  124. 124.
    Verheecke M, Halaska MJ, Lok CA, Ottevanger PB, Fruscio R, Dahl-Steffensen K, Kolawa W, Gziri MM, Han SN, Van Calsteren K et al (2014) Primary brain tumours, meningiomas and brain metastases in pregnancy: report on 27 cases and review of literature. Eur J Cancer 50:1462–1471. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.1402.1018 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  125. 125.
    Verheijen FM, Sprong M, Jacobs HM, Donker GH, Amelink GJ, Thijssen JH, Blankenstein MA (2001) Progesterone receptor isoform expression in human meningiomas. Eur J Cancer 37:1488–1495PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  126. 126.
    Wahab M, Al-Azzawi F (2003) Meningioma and hormonal influences. Climacteric 6:285–292PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  127. 127.
    Waldron JS, Sughrue ME, Hetts SW, Wilson SP, Mills SA, McDermott MW, Dowd CF, Parsa AT (2011) Embolization of skull base meningiomas and feeding vessels arising from the internal carotid circulation. Neurosurgery 68:162–169. doi: 10.1227/NEU.1220b1013e3181fe1222de1229, discussion 169PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  128. 128.
    Weyand RD, Mac CC, Wilson RB (1951) The effect of pregnancy on intracranial meningiomas occurring about the optic chiasm. Surg Clin North Am 31:1225–1233PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  129. 129.
    Wigertz A, Lonn S, Mathiesen T, Ahlbom A, Hall P, Feychting M, Swedish Interphone Study G (2006) Risk of brain tumors associated with exposure to exogenous female sex hormones. Am J Epidemiol 164:629–636. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj254 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  130. 130.
    Wrensch M, Minn Y, Chew T, Bondy M, Berger MS (2002) Epidemiology of primary brain tumors: current concepts and review of the literature. Neuro Oncol 4:278–299PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  131. 131.
    Zoli M, Faustini-Fustini M, Mazzatenta D, Pasquini E, Frank G (2012) Tuberculum sellae meningioma growing during pregnancy: a difficult decision-making process. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:1418–1419. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-1155 PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Yosef Laviv
    • 1
  • Victoria Ohla
    • 1
  • Ekkehard M. Kasper
    • 1
  1. 1.Departments of Surgery, Division of NeurosurgeryBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA

Personalised recommendations