Neurosurgical Review

, Volume 36, Issue 3, pp 411–419 | Cite as

Hemodynamics and changes after STA–MCA anastomosis in moyamoya disease and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease measured by micro-Doppler ultrasonography

  • Hanako Morisawa
  • Takakazu Kawamata
  • Akitsugu Kawashima
  • Masataka Hayashi
  • Kohji Yamaguchi
  • Taku Yoneyama
  • Yoshikazu Okada
Original Article
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

Moyamoya disease (MMD) and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease (ACVD) differ in angiographic appearance and probably hemodynamics. Pediatric MMD (PMMD) usually presents with cerebral ischemia, while intracranial hemorrhage is more common in adult MMD (AMMD), suggesting differences in cerebral hemodynamics. We analyzed the cortical flow velocity and direction of recipient arteries using micro-Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate the cortical circulation before and after anastomosis in MMD and ACVD. Twenty-eight patients with adult MMD (AMMD), 7 with pediatric MMD (PMMD), 16 with ACVD, and 12 control patients were studied. A micro-Doppler probe was applied on the cortical recipient artery (A4 or M4) before and after anastomosis. Systolic maximum flow velocity (V max) and blood flow direction were investigated at proximal and distal parts of anastomosed sites in recipient arteries. Pre- and postoperative regional cerebral blood flow was measured by cold xenon-computed tomography (Xe-CT). Before anastomosis, retrograde cortical flow was significantly more common in PMMD patients, and V max in cortical artery was significantly lower in AMMD patients. Bypass surgery changed the direction of blood flow from the anastomosis site to proximal and distal sites of the recipient artery in most patients, but pre-anastomosis flow direction was preserved more frequently in PMMD patients. The rate of V max increase after anastomosis was significantly higher in AMMD than in PMMD (11.6 ± 9.8 vs. 3.9 ± 1.8; P = 0.01). Micro-Doppler ultrasonography identified differences in cortical circulation among AMMD, PMMD, and ACVD. In AMMD, significantly low velocity in the cortical artery was observed before anastomosis, and bypass surgery reversed the flow and significantly increased flow velocity. The data of PMMD showed unique hemodynamics of the cortical artery before anastomosis, characterized by a higher frequency of retrograde flow and preserved velocity. The V max increase rate was significantly higher in patients with postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion on Xe-CT, and further study is warranted to validate the clinical use of intraoperative micro-Doppler monitoring to predict postoperative hyperperfusion.

Keywords

Atherosclerotic EC–IC bypass Hyperperfusion Micro-Doppler ultrasonography Moyamoya disease 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We thank the radiological technicians at the Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, for measurements of rCBF and CVR on cold Xe-CT. This study was supported by research funds of the Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University.

Conflict of interest

All authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012

Authors and Affiliations

  • Hanako Morisawa
    • 1
  • Takakazu Kawamata
    • 1
  • Akitsugu Kawashima
    • 1
  • Masataka Hayashi
    • 1
  • Kohji Yamaguchi
    • 1
  • Taku Yoneyama
    • 1
  • Yoshikazu Okada
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of NeurosurgeryTokyo Women’s Medical UniversityTokyoJapan

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