Simultaneous determination of synthetic food additives in kimchi by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Article
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
- 34 Downloads
Abstract
A new analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven food additives (Ponceau 4R, Allura Red AC, Amaranth, 4-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid, ethyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, and saccharin sodium) in kimchi using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, precision, and accuracy of the method were validated. The limit of detection was 0.00004–0.24 μg/mL, and the limit of quantification was 0.00012–0.8 μg/mL. Recoveries ranged from 85.65 to 120.82%. The method was successful and may help to ensure food safety.
Keywords
Food additives Kimchi HPLC–MS/MS Food analysis Food safetyNotes
Acknowledgements
We are no funding received or any financial or material support.
References
- 1.Cheigh HS, Park KY. Biochemical, microbiological and nutritional aspects of kimchi (Korean fermented vegetable products). Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 34: 175–203 (1994)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Hong Y, Yang HS, Li J, Han SK, Chang HC, Kim HY. Identification of lactic acid bacteria in salted Chinese cabbage by SDS-PAGE and PCR-DGGE. Sci. Food Agric. 94:296–300 (2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.Kim J, Bang J, Beuchat LR, Kim H, Ryu JH. Controlled fermentation of kimchi using naturally occurring antimicrobial agents. Food Microbiol. 32:20–31 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Choi MW, Kim KH, Kim SH, Park KY. Inhibitory effects of kimchi extracts on carcinogen-induced cytotoxicity and transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 2: 241–5 (1997)Google Scholar
- 5.Lee YM, Choi JS, Kwon MJ, Kim JK, Suh HS, Song YO. Isolation and identification of active principle in Chinese cabbage kimchi responsible for antioxidant effect. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 36:129–133 (2004)Google Scholar
- 6.Kim JY, Lee YS. The effects of Kimchi intake on lipid contents of body and mitogen response of spleen lymphocytes in rats. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 26:1200–1207 (1997)Google Scholar
- 7.Sofos JN, Beuchat LR, Davidson PM, Johnson EA. Naturally occurring antimicrobials in food. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 28: 71–72 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. IARC, Lyon. 35: 125p (1985)Google Scholar
- 9.Robens JF, Dill GS, Ward JM, Joiner JR, Griesemer RA, Douglas JF. Thirteen-week subchronic toxicity studies of Direct Blue 6, Direct Black 38, and Direct Brown 95 dyes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 54:431–442 (1980)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Ibero M, Eseverri JL, Barroso C, Botey J. Dyes preservatives and salicylates in the induction of food intolerance and/or hypersensitivity in children. Allergol. Immunopathol. 10: 263–268 (1982)Google Scholar
- 11.Miller K. Sensitivity to tartrazine. Br. Med. J. 285: 1597–1598 (1982)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Settipane GA, Chafee FH, Postman IM, Levine MI, Saker JH, Barrick RH. Significance of tartrazine sensitivity in chronic urticaria of unknown etiology. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 57:541–546 (1976)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Combes RD, Haveland-Smith RB. A review of the genotoxicity of food, drug and cosmetic colours and other azo, triphenylmethane and xanthene dyes. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. 98: 101–243 (1982)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.McCann D, Barrett A, Cooper A, Crumpler D, Dalen L, Grimshaw K, Kitchin E, Lok K, Porteous L, Prince E, Sonuga-Barke E, Warner JO. Stevenson J. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year old children in the community: a randomised, doubleblinded, placebocontrolled trial. LANCET 370: 1560–1567 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.GSFA. Codex General Standard for food additives. Codex Stand 192- 1995 (1995)Google Scholar
- 16.Ministry of Health, P.R.C. Hygienic Standards for Uses of Food Additives, National Standard of the P.R.C., Beijing, 90 (2007)Google Scholar
- 17.Saad B, Bari MF, Saleh MI, Ahmad K, Talib MKM. Simultaneous determination of preservatives (benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methylparaben and propylparaben) in foodstuffs using high-performance liquid chromatography. Chromatogr. A. 1073: 393–397 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.Mikami E, Goto T, Ohno T, Matsumoto H, Nishida M. Simultaneous analysis of dehydroacetic acid, benzoic acid, sorbic acid and salicylic acid in cosmetic products by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 28: 261–267 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.Pan Z, Wang L, Mo W, Wang C, Hu W, Zhang J. Determination of benzoic acid in soft drinks by gas chromatography with on-line pyrolytic methylation technique. Anal. Chim. Acta. 545: 218–223 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.Thompson AC, Hedin PA. Separation of organic acids by thin-layer chromatography of their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazide derivatives and their analytical determination. Chromatogr. A. 21:13–18 (1966)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.Khan SH, Murawski MP, Sherma J. Quantitative high performance thin layer chromatographic determination of organic acid preservatives in beverages. Liq. Chromatogr. 17: 855–865 (1994)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.Pant I, Trenerry VC. The determination of sorbic acid and benzoic acid in a variety of beverages and foods by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Food Chem. 53:219–226 (1995)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.Nevado JJB, Robledo VR, Callado CSC. Monitoring the enrichment of virgin olive oil with natural antioxidants by using a new capillary electrophoresis method. Food Chem. 133:497–504 (2012)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.Panusa A, Gagliardi L. Counterfeit homeopathic medicinal products: Syrups A simple and rapid LC–ESI-MS method to detect preservatives not declared in label. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 47:786–789 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.Kenny O, Smyth TJ, Hewage CM, Brunton NP. Antioxidant properties and quantitative UPLC-MS analysis of phenolic compounds from extracts of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds and bitter melon (Momordica charantia) fruit. Food Chem. 141:4295–4302 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Tranchida PQ, Franchina FA, Zoccali M, Pantò S, Sciarrone D, Dugo P, Mondello L. Untargeted and targeted comprehensive two-dimensional GC analysis using a novel unified high-speed triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Chromatogr. A. 1278:153–159 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.European Commission. Guidance on analytical quality control and validation procedures for pesticide residues analysis in food and feed. SANCO/12571/2013, 19 November 2013 rev. 0(2013)Google Scholar
Copyright information
© The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology and Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2018