Apparative Organersatztherapie in der unfallchirurgischen Intensivmedizin
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Zusammenfassung
Extrakorporale Organersatzsysteme spielen in der Intensivtherapie von Traumapatienten eine wichtige Rolle. Sie können in vielen Fällen die Überlebenschancen schwerverletzter Patienten erhöhen und die Spätfolgen minimieren. Bei akutem Lungenversagen stehen verschiedene konventionelle mechanische Beatmungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Bei ausgeprägten Lungenverletzungen mit der Gefahr einer lebensbedrohlichen Hypoxämie können aber auch extrakorporale Gasaustauschsysteme eine Behandlungsmöglichkeit darstellen, ebenso bei kritisch verletzten Patienten zur Prävention eines Lungenversagens. Jedoch ist die Mortalität Schwerverletzer trotz aller Anstrengungen einer adäquaten Organersatztherapie nach wie vor hoch. Ihre Rate nimmt mit der Dauer der Intensivversorgungspflichtigkeit zu, insbesondere bei auftretenden Komplikationen wie Sepsis oder Multiorganversagen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die verschiedenen zu Verfügung stehenden Organersatzsysteme. Bei einem frühen Einsatz derselben kann eine höhere Überlebensrate bei Schwerverletzen erreicht werden.
Schlüsselwörter
Unfallchirurgische Intensivstation Extrakorporale Lungenunterstützung Akutes Lungenversagen Hämofiltration MultiorganversagenHi-tech organ support during intensive care in trauma medicine
Abstract
Extracorporeal organ assist systems have an important role in the intensive care management of trauma patients. In many cases, they can offer a survival benefit for severely injured patents and also minimize late sequelae. Various strategies of conventional mechanical ventilation are available for the treatment of acute respiratory failure associated with trauma. However, when extensive lung injury is present, with the attendant risk of life-threatening hypoxemia, extracorporeal gas exchange devices can offer an additional treatment modality; they should also be used in critically injured patients to prevent lung failure. However, despite all efforts, the mortality of severely injured patients remains high, rising with increasing length of stay in intensive care, especially when there are such complications as sepsis and multiorgan failure. This article gives a brief overview of the different extracorporeal organ assist devices currently available. When these are used early in the course a higher survival rate can be achieved in patients with severe trauma.
Keywords
Intensive care medicine in trauma surgery Extracorporeal lung assist system Acute lung failure Hemofiltration Multiorgan failureNotes
Interessenkonflikt
Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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