Relaxation electrochemical noise of Li/SOCl2 and Li/MnO2 primary batteries
- 40 Downloads
Abstract
Electrochemical noise measurements were carried out on commercially available Li/SOCl2 and Li/MnO2 primary batteries during relaxation following removal of load. Another type of experiment was performed with different values of DC current. Power spectral density dependencies on the load current were obtained in this way for both battery types. On the basis of the measurement results, a physical interpretation of noise-generating processes was proposed for the investigated battery types. Two distinct SOC evaluation techniques were tested for each battery type—one based on spectral characteristics of electrochemical noise for the Li/SOCl2 system and the other based on the relaxation time length of the electrochemical noise for the Li/MnO2 system.
Keywords
Electrochemical noise Power spectral density Primary lithium battery Thionyl-chloride Li-MnO2 battery Electrochemical impedanceNotes
Acknowledgements
This work was performed in accordance with the state task, state registration No АААА-А19-119061890019-5.
References
- 1.Birkl CR, Roberts MR, McTurk E, Bruce PG, Howey DA (2017) Degradation diagnostics for lithium ion cells. J Power Sources 341:373–386Google Scholar
- 2.Hu C, Jain G, Tamirisa P, Gorka T (2014) Method for estimating capacity and predicting remaining useful life of lithium-ion battery. Appl Energy 126:182–189Google Scholar
- 3.Farmann A, Waag W, Sauer DU (2015) Adaptive approach for on-board impedance parameters and voltage estimation of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. J Power Sources 299:176–188Google Scholar
- 4.Manane Y, Yazami R (2017) Accurate state of charge assessment of lithium-manganese dioxide primary batteries. J Power Sources 359:422–426Google Scholar
- 5.Christophersen JP, Morrison JL, Morrison WH (2013) Acquiring impedance spectra from diode-coupled primary batteries to determine health and state of charge. IEEE Aerosp Conf Proc 2013:1–10Google Scholar
- 6.Cheng S, Li B, Yuan Z, Zhang F, Liu J (2016) Development of a lifetime prediction model for lithium thionyl chloride batteries based on an accelerated degradation test. Microelectron Reliab 65:274–279Google Scholar
- 7.Bailey JB (1989) Investigation of thionyl chloride decomposition and open-circuit potential in lithium-thionyl chloride cells. J Electrochem Soc 136:2794–2797Google Scholar
- 8.Bertocci U, Huet F (1995) Noise analysis applied to electrochemical systems. Corrosion 51:131–144Google Scholar
- 9.Homborg AM, Tinga T, van Westing EPM, Zhang Z, Ferrari GM, de Wit JHW, Mol JMC (2014) A critical appraisal of the interpretation of electrochemical noise for corrosion studies. Corrosion 70:971–987Google Scholar
- 10.Xia D-H, Ma C, Song S, Xu L (2019) Detection of atmospheric corrosion of aluminum alloys by electrochemical probes: theoretical analysis and experimental tests. J Electrochem Soc 166:B1000–B1009Google Scholar
- 11.Xia D-H, Ma C, Behnamian Y, Ao S, Song S, Xu L (2019) Reliability of the estimation of uniform corrosion rate of Q235B steel under simulated marine atmospheric conditions by electrochemical noise (EN) analyses. Measurement 148:54–79Google Scholar
- 12.Xia D-H, Song Y, Song S, Behnamian Y, Xu L, Wu Z, Qin Z, Gao Z, Hu W (2019) Identifying defect levels in organic coatings with electrochemical noise (EN) measured in singe cell (SC) mode. Prog Org Coat 126:53–61Google Scholar
- 13.Xia D-H, Wang J, Wu Z, Qin Z, Xu L, Hu W, Behnamian Y, Luo J-L (2019) Sensing corrosion within an artificial defect in organic coating using SECM. Sensor Actuators B Chem 280:235–242Google Scholar
- 14.Xia D-H, Ma C, Song S, Ma L, Wang J, Gao Z, Zhong C, Hu W (2017) Assessing atmospheric corrosion of metal by a novel electrochemical sensor combining with a thin insulating net using electrochemical noise technique. Sensor Actuators B Chem 252:353–358Google Scholar
- 15.Tyagai VA (1971) Faradic noise of complex electrochemical reactions. Electrochim Acta 16:1647–1654Google Scholar
- 16.Tyagai VA, Luk’yanchikova NB (1967) Equilibrium fluctuations in electrochemical processes. Elektrokhimiya (in Russian) 3:316–322Google Scholar
- 17.Knott KF (1965) Measurement of battery noise and resistor-current noise at subaudio frequencies. Electron Lett 1:132Google Scholar
- 18.Martinet S, Durand R, Ozil P, Leblanc P, Blanchard P (1999) Application of electrochemical noise analysis to the study of batteries: state-of-charge determination and overcharge detection. J Power Sources 83:93–99Google Scholar
- 19.Baert DHJ, Vervaet AAK (2003) Small bandwidth measurement of the noise voltage of batteries. J Power Sources 114:357–365Google Scholar
- 20.Martemianov S, Adiutantov V, Evdokimov YK, Madier L, Maillard F, Thomas A (2015) New methodology of electrochemical noise analysis and applications for commercial Li-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 19:2803–2810Google Scholar
- 21.Martemianov S, Maillard F, Thomas A, Lagonotte P, Madier L (2016) Noise diagnosis of commercial Li-ion batteries using high-order moments. Russ J Electrochem 52:1122–1130Google Scholar
- 22.Roberge PR, Halliop E, Famington MD (1991) Monitoring voltage fluctuations for the characterization of lithium cells. J Power Sources 34:233–241Google Scholar
- 23.Kanevskii LS (2009) Special features of discharge characteristics of different types of lithium-thionyl chloride cells and the problem of their diagnostics. Russ J Electrochem 45:835–846Google Scholar
- 24.Legros B, Thivel PX, Bultel Y, Nogueira RP (2011) First results on PEMFC diagnosis by electrochemical noise. Electrochem Commun 13:1514–1516Google Scholar
- 25.Maizia R, Dib A, Thomas A, Martemianov S (2017) Proton exchange membrane fuel cell diagnosis by spectral characterization of the electrochemical noise. J Power Sources 342:553–561Google Scholar
- 26.Denisov ES, Evdokimov YK, Martemianov S, Thomas A, Adiutantov N (2017) Electrochemical noise as a diagnostic tool for PEMFC. Fuel Cells 17:225–237Google Scholar
- 27.Astafev EA (2019) State of charge determination of Li/SOCl2 primary battery by means of electrochemical noise measurement. J Solid State Electrochem 23:1493–1504Google Scholar
- 28.Astafev EA (2018) Electrochemical noise measurement of a Li/SOCl2 primary battery. J Solid State Electrochem 22:3569–3577Google Scholar
- 29.Astafev EA (2019) Wide frequency band electrochemical noise measurement and analysis of a Li/SOCl2 primary battery. J Solid State Electrochem 23:389–396Google Scholar
- 30.Astafev EA, Ukshe AE, Dobrovolsky YA (2018) Measurement of electrochemical noise of a Li/MnO2 primary lithium battery. J Solid State Electrochem 22:3597–3606Google Scholar
- 31.Astafev EA (2019) Wide frequency band measurement and analysis of electrochemical noise of Li/MnO2 primary battery. J Solid State Electrochem 23:1705–1713Google Scholar
- 32.Uzundal CB, Ulgut B (2018) A method for voltage noise measurement and its application to primary batteries. J Electrochem Soc 165:A2557–A2562Google Scholar
- 33.Kanevskii LS (2009) Investigation and diagnosis of lithium batteries by electrochemical noise. II. Bit and noise characteristics thionyl chloride-lithium current sources of different type and their evolution during battery discharge. Elektrokhimicheskaya Energetika (in Russian) 9:3–11Google Scholar
- 34.Klyuev AL, Grafov BM, Davydov AD, Lukovtsev VP, Petrenko EM (2019) Analysis of discrete spectra of electrochemical noise of lithium power sources. J Solid State Electrochem 23:497–502Google Scholar
- 35.Astafev EA (2019) Electrochemical noise of Li-ion battery: measurement with load-interrupt technique. J Solid State Electrochem 23:1505–1512Google Scholar
- 36.Astafev EA, Ukshe AE, Gerasimova EV, Dobrovolsky YA, Manzhos RA (2018) Electrochemical noise of a hydrogen-air polymer electrolyte fuel cell operating at different loads. J Solid State Electrochem 22:1839–1849Google Scholar
- 37.Maisia R, Dib A, Thomas A, Martemianov S (2018) Statistical short-time analysis of electrochemical noise generated within a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Solid State Electrochem 22:1649–1660Google Scholar
- 38.Astafev EA (2019) The instrument for electrochemical noise measurement of chemical power sources. Rev Sci Instrum 90:025104-1–025104-7Google Scholar
- 39.Astafev EA, Ukshe AE (2019) Peculiarities of hardware for electrochemical noise measurement in chemical power sources. IEEE Instrum Meas. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2018.2889232 Google Scholar
- 40.Grafov BM, Dobrovolskii YA, Klyuev AL, Ukshe AE, Davydov AD, Astaf’ev EA (2017) Median Chebyshev spectroscopy of electrochemical noise. J Solid State Electrochem 21:915–918Google Scholar
- 41.Astafev EA, Ukshe AE, Manzhos RA, Dobrovolsky YA, Lakeev SG, Timashev SF (2017) Flicker noise spectroscopy in the analysis of electrochemical noise of hydrogen-air PEM fuel cell during its degradation. Int J Electrochem Sci 12:1742–1754Google Scholar
- 42.Astafev EA, Ukshe AE, Leonova LS, Manzhos RA, Dobrovolsky YA (2018) Detrending and other features of data processing in the measurements of electrochemical noise. Russ J Electrochem 54:913–921Google Scholar
- 43.Smulko J, Lentka L (2019) Methods of trend removal in electrochemical noise data-overview. Measurement 131:569–581Google Scholar
- 44.Xia D-H, Behnamian Y (2015) Electrochemical noise: a review of experimental setup, instrumentation and DC removal. Russ J Electrochem 51:593–601Google Scholar
- 45.Bertocci U, Huet F, Nogueira RP, Rousseau P (2002) Drift removal procedures in the analysis of electrochemical noise. Corrosion 58:337–347Google Scholar
- 46.Tan H, Wang S (2014) Kinetic behavior of manganese dioxide in Li/MnO2 primary batteries investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under nonequilibrium state. J Electrochem Soc 161:A1927–A1932Google Scholar
- 47.Gangadharan R, Namboodiri PNN, Prasad KV, Viswanathan R (1979) The lithium-thionyl chloride battery - a review. J Power Sources 4:1–9Google Scholar
- 48.Kanevskii LS (2007) Impedance diagnostics of lithium-thionyl chloride power sources. Russ J Electrochem 43:85–91Google Scholar
- 49.Liu Q, Wang S, Cheng H (2013) High rate capabilities Fe-doped EMD electrodes for Li/MnO2 primary battery. Int J Electrochem Sci 8:10540–10548Google Scholar
- 50.Zhang Z, Leng WH, Cai QY, Cao FH, Zhang JQ (2005) Study of the zinc electroplating process using electrochemical noise technique. J Electroanal Chem 578:357–367Google Scholar
- 51.Safizadeh F, Lafront AM, Ghali E, Houlachi G (2010) Monitoring the quality of copper deposition by statistical and frequency analyses of electrochemical noise. Hydrometallurgy 100:87–94Google Scholar
- 52.Gabrielli C, Huet F, Nogueira RP (2005) Fluctuations of concentration overpotential generated at gas-evolving electrodes. Electrochim Acta 50:3726–3736Google Scholar
- 53.Gabrielli C, Huet F, Keddam M (1991) Real-time measurement of electrolyte resistance fluctuations. J Electrochem Soc 138:L82–L84Google Scholar
- 54.Hughes M, Karunathilaka SAGR, Hampson NA (1983) The impedance of the lithium-thionyl chloride primary cell. J Appl Electrochem 13:669–678Google Scholar
- 55.Walsh F, Pozin M, Cherniy A, Tikhonov K Jr (2001) Characterization of lithium-thionyl chloride cells by impedance techniques. J Power Sources 97–98:714–718Google Scholar
- 56.Costard J, Ender M, Weiss M, Ivers-Tiffee E (2017) Three-electrode setups for lithium-ion batteries II. Experimental study of different reference electrode designs and their implications for half-cell impedance spectra. J Electrochem Soc 164:A80–A87Google Scholar
- 57.Mendoza-Hernandez OS, Ishikawa H, Nishikawa Y, Maruyama Y, Sone Y, Umeda M (2015) Electrochemical impedance study of LiCoO2 cathode reactions in a lithium ion cell incorporating a reference electrode. J Solid State Electrochem 19:1203–1210Google Scholar