Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry

, Volume 20, Issue 9, pp 2395–2402 | Cite as

A new sensor architecture based on carbon Printex 6L to the electrochemical determination of ranitidine

  • Laís P. Silva
  • Fernando C. Vicentini
  • Bruna C. Lourencao
  • Geiser G. Oliveira
  • Marcos R. V. Lanza
  • Orlando Fatibello-Filho
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with carbon Printex 6L (Printex6L/GCE) as a novel sensor is proposed. A morphological study was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, and an electrochemical characterization of the proposed electrode was performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using [Fe(CN)6]4− as a redox probe. With the incorporation of the carbon Printex 6L film onto the GCE surface, the [Fe(CN)6]4− analytical signal was substantially increased and the difference between the oxidation and reduction potentials (ΔE p) decreased, a characteristic of the electrocatalytic effect. Furthermore, the use of carbon Printex 6L film resulted in an 84 % increase in the oxidation current and a 123 % increase in the reduction current. Faster charge transfer was observed at the proposed electrode/electrolyte interface during CV when compared with GCE. The Printex6L/GCE was tested for ranitidine (RNT) sensing and showed a decrease in the working potential and an increase in the analytical signal, when compared with GCE, again demonstrating an electrocatalytic effect. Under optimized experimental conditions, the developed square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry (SWAdASV) method presented an analytical curve that was linear in RNT concentration range from 1.98 × 10−6 to 2.88 × 10−5 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 2.44 × 10−7 mol L−1. The developed Printex6L/GCE was successfully applied to the determination of RNT concentrations in human body fluid samples (urine and serum).

Keywords

Carbon black Carbon Printex 6L Ranitidine determination Biological samples Urine Human serum 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the following Brazilian funding agencies, FAPESP (Proc. 2013/16770-0 and 2014/03019-7), CNPq (561071/2010-1), and CAPES, for financial support and scholarships.

Supplementary material

10008_2016_3143_MOESM1_ESM.docx (530 kb)
ESM 1 (DOCX 529kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Laís P. Silva
    • 1
  • Fernando C. Vicentini
    • 1
    • 2
  • Bruna C. Lourencao
    • 1
  • Geiser G. Oliveira
    • 3
  • Marcos R. V. Lanza
    • 3
  • Orlando Fatibello-Filho
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of ChemistryFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosBrazil
  2. 2.Center of Nature SciencesFederal University of São CarlosBuriBrazil
  3. 3.São Carlos Institute of ChemistryUniversity of São PauloSão CarlosBrazil

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