Journal of Molecular Modeling

, Volume 13, Issue 5, pp 595–600 | Cite as

Molecular dynamics study of the initial stages of catalyzed single-wall carbon nanotubes growth: force field development

  • Alberto Martinez-Limia
  • Jin Zhao
  • Perla B. Balbuena
Original Paper

Abstract

Effective force fields for Ni-C interactions developed by Yamaguchi and Maruyama for the formation of metallofullerenes are modified to simulate the catalyzed growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes on Nin clusters with n >20, and the reactive empirical bond order Brenner potential for C-C interactions is also revised to include the effect of the metal atoms on such interactions.

Figure

Force field parameters for carbon-metal interactions obtained from DFT calculations in small clusters.

Keywords

Molecular dynamics Reactive force field Density functional theory Carbon nanotubes Catalytic growth 

Notes

Acknowledgements

Financial support from the National Science Foundation (NER/CTS-04003651) is gratefully acknowledged. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03–76SF00098. Supercomputer time granted by the DoD Major Shared Resource Center (ARL MSRC) is gratefully acknowledged.

References

  1. 1.
    Iijima S, Ichihashi T (1993) Nature 363:603–605CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Rinzler AG, Liu J, Dai H, Nikolaev P, Huffman CB, Rodriguez-Macias FJ, Boul PJ, Lu AH, Heymann D, Colbert DT, Lee RS, Fischer JE, Rao AM, Eklund PC, Smalley RE (1998) Appl Phys A 67:29–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Journet C, Maser WK, Bernier P, Loiseau A, delaChapelle ML, Lefrant S, Deniard P, Lee R, Fischer JE (1997) Nature 388:756–758CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Peigney A, Laurent C, Dobigeon F, Rousset A (1997) J Mat Res 12:613–615Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Hafner JH, Bronikowski MJ, Azamian BR, Nikolaev P, Rinzler AG, Colbert DT, Smith KA, Smalley RE (1998) Chem Phys Lett 296:195–202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Kitiyanan B, Alvarez WE, Harwell JH, Resasco DE (2000) Chem Phys Lett 317:497–503CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Li Y, Kim W, Zhang Y, Rolandi M, Wang D, Dai H (2001) J Phys Chem B 105:11424–11431CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Alvarez WE, Pompeo F, Herrera JE, Balzano L, Resasco DE (2002) Chem Mat 14:1853–1858CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Zhang L, Balzano L, Resasco DE (2005) J Phys Chem B 109:14375–14381CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Mann DJ, Halls MD, Hase WL (2002) J Phys Chem B 106:12418–12425CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Maruyama S, Shibuta Y (2002) Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 387:311–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Vinciguerra V, Buonocore F, Panzera G, Occhipinti L (2003) Nanotechnology 14:655–660CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Hernandez E, Ordejon P, Boustani I, Rubio A, Alonso JA (2000) J Chem Phys 113:3814–3821CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Bolton K, Rosen A (2002) Phys Chem Chem Phys 4:4481–4488CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Bernholc J, Rabec CB, Nardelli MB, Maiti A, Roland C, Yakobson BI (1998) Appl Phys A 67:39–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Shibuta Y, Maruyama S (2002) Physica B 323:187–189CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Roland C, Bernholc J, Brabec C, Nardelli MB, Maiti A (2000) Mol Simul 25:1–12Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Erkoc S, Malcioglu OB (2001) Int J Mod Phys C 12:865–870CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Ding F, Bolton K, Rosen A (2004) J Phys Chem B 108:17369–17377CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Raty J, Gygi F, Galli G (2005) Phys Rev Lett 95:096103CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Zhao J, Martinez-Limia A, Balbuena PB (2005) Nanotechnology 16:S575–S581CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Balbuena PB, Zhao J, Huang S, Wang Y, Sakulchaicharoen N, Resasco DE (2006) J Nanosci Nanotech 6:1247–1258CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Zhao J, Balbuena PB (2006) J Phys Chem A 110:2771–2775CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Brenner DW (1990) Phys Rev B 42:9458–9471CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Brenner DW, Shenderova OA, Harrison JA, Stuart S, Ni B, Sinnott SB (2002) J Phys Condens Matter 14:783–802CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Maiti A, Brabec CJ, Roland C, Bernholc J (1995) Physical Review B 52:14850CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Yamaguchi Y, Maruyama S (1999) Eur Phys J D 9:385–388CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Resasco DE, Alvarez WE, Pompeo F, Balzano L, Herrera JE, Kitiyanan B, Borgna A (2002) J Nanoparticle Res 4:131–136CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Fan X, Buczko R, Puretzky AA, Geohegan DB, Howe JY, Pantelides ST, Pennycook SJ (2003) Phys Rev Lett 90:Art. No. 145501Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    Tersoff J (1989) Phys Rev B 39:5566–5568CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Numakura H, Kashiwazaki K, Yokohama H, Koiwa M (2000) J Alloys Compd 310:344–350CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2007

Authors and Affiliations

  • Alberto Martinez-Limia
    • 1
    • 2
  • Jin Zhao
    • 1
  • Perla B. Balbuena
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationUSA
  2. 2.Chemnitz University of TechnologyInstitute of Electrical and Information EngineeringChemnitzGermany

Personalised recommendations