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Associations between social vulnerabilities and psychosocial problems in European children. Results from the IDEFICS study

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Abstract

The effect of socioeconomic inequalities on children’s mental health remains unclear. This study aims to explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between social vulnerabilities and psychosocial problems, and the association between accumulation of vulnerabilities and psychosocial problems. 5987 children aged 2–9 years from eight European countries were assessed at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Two different instruments were employed to assess children’s psychosocial problems: the KINDL (Questionnaire for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents) was used to evaluate children’s well-being and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to evaluate children’s internalising problems. Vulnerable groups were defined as follows: children whose parents had minimal social networks, children from non-traditional families, children of migrant origin or children with unemployed parents. Logistic mixed-effects models were used to assess the associations between social vulnerabilities and psychosocial problems. After adjusting for classical socioeconomic and lifestyle indicators, children whose parents had minimal social networks were at greater risk of presenting internalising problems at baseline and follow-up (OR 1.53, 99% CI 1.11–2.11). The highest risk for psychosocial problems was found in children whose status changed from traditional families at T0 to non-traditional families at T1 (OR 1.60, 99% CI 1.07–2.39) and whose parents had minimal social networks at both time points (OR 1.97, 99% CI 1.26–3.08). Children with one or more vulnerabilities accumulated were at a higher risk of developing psychosocial problems at baseline and follow-up. Therefore, policy makers should implement measures to strengthen the social support for parents with a minimal social network.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been done as part of the IDEFICS Study (http://www.idefics.eu). The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the European Community within the Sixth RTD Framework Programme Contract No. 016181 (FOOD). I. I has been financed by the FPU (grant reference FPU014/00922) Predoctoral Programs (Spanish Ministry of Education and Science). We thank the IDEFICS children and their parents who generously volunteered and participated in this project.

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Author notes

  1. Claudia Börnhorst and Luis A. Moreno contributed equally and share the last authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Edificio del SAI, C/Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain

    Isabel Iguacel, Juan M. Fernández-Alvira & Luis A. Moreno

  2. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Saragossa, Spain

    Isabel Iguacel & Luis A. Moreno

  3. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Saragossa, Spain

    Isabel Iguacel & Luis A. Moreno

  4. Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Nathalie Michels & Stefaan De Henauw

  5. Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain

    Juan M. Fernández-Alvira

  6. Institute for Public Health and Nursing Sciences (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Karin Bammann

  7. Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Bremen, Germany

    Karin Bammann, Barbara Franziska Thumann & Claudia Börnhorst

  8. Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

    Regina Felső

  9. Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Wencke Gwozdz & Lucia Reisch

  10. Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Monica Hunsberger

  11. Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy

    Paola Russo

  12. Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus

    Michael Tornaritis

  13. Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia

    Toomas Veidebaum

  14. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Saragossa, Spain

    Luis A. Moreno

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  1. Isabel Iguacel
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On behalf of the IDEFICS consortium

Contributions

The authors’ contributions were as follows: II carried out the statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript along with NMCB designed the statistical analyses. KB, JMF-A, WG, RF, BT, and PR developed the measurement instruments; LR, SDH, MH, LAM, and TV supervised the national data collection authors read and critically reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Isabel Iguacel.

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Iguacel, I., Michels, N., Fernández-Alvira, J.M. et al. Associations between social vulnerabilities and psychosocial problems in European children. Results from the IDEFICS study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26, 1105–1117 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-0998-7

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