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Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) among the general population.

Materials and methods

Five main electronic databases and three grey literature were searched to identify observational studies in which TMJD was diagnosed using the research diagnostic criteria (RDC/TMD) or diagnostic criteria (DC/TMD). The studies were blindly selected by two reviewers based on eligibility criteria. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist, and the “R” Statistics software was used to perform meta-analyses.

Results

From 2741 articles, 21 were included. Ten studies were judged at low RoB, seven at moderate, and four at high. The TMJD investigated were as follows: arthralgia, disk displacement (DDs) with reduction (DDwR), DDwR with intermittent locking, DDs without reduction (DDwoR) with limited opening, DDwoR without limited opening, degenerative joint disease (DJD), osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis, and subluxation. The main results from prevalence overall meta-analyses for adults/elderly are as follows: TMJD (31.1%), DDs (19.1%), and DJD (9.8%). Furthermore, for children/adolescents are as follows: TMJD (11.3%), DDs (8.3%), and DJD (0.4%). Considering the individual diagnosis meta-analyses, the most prevalent TMJD is DDwR for adults/elderly (25.9%) and children/adolescents (7.4%).

Conclusions

The overall prevalence of TMJD was approximately 31% for adults/elderly and 11% for children/adolescents, and the most prevalent TMJD was DDwR.

Clinical relevance

Knowledge about the frequency of TMJD can encourage dentists to consider appropriate strategies for early and correct diagnosis and, if need be, correct management.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the librarian MSc Maria Gorete Monteguti Savi for the instructions regarding the search strategy of this review and the researchers.

Funding

The authors of this study Lígia Figueiredo Valesan [grant number 88882.437769], Cecília Doebber Da-Cas [grant number 88882.437764] and Ana Cristina Scremin Denardin [grant number 88882.437761] are funded by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Brasília, DF,Brazil - Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Av. Delfino Conti, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Lígia Figueiredo Valesan, Cecília Doebber Da-Cas, Jéssica Conti Réus & Ana Cristina Scremin Denardin

  2. Department of Dentistry, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Av. Pedra Branca, 25 - Cidade Universitária, Palhoça, SC, 88137-272, Brazil

    Roberto Ramos Garanhani

  3. Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. XV de Novembro, 1299 - Centro, Curitiba, PR, 80060-000, Brazil

    Daniel Bonotto

  4. Orofacial Pain Center, Hospital Mater Dei (HMD), Av. Gonçalves Dias, 2700 - Santo Agostinho, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-094, Brazil

    Eduardo Januzzi

  5. Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Av. Delfino Conti, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes de Souza

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The idea for the article was performed by Dr. Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes de Souza, and the design was performed by Dr. Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes de Souza and Lígia Figueiredo Valesan. Material preparation, literature search, data collection, and analysis were performed by Lígia Figueiredo Valesan, Cecília Doebber Da-Cas, Jéssica Conti Réus, and Ana Cristina Scremin Denardin. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Lígia Figueiredo Valesan, and all authors critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript as submitted.

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Valesan, L.F., Da-Cas, C.D., Réus, J.C. et al. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Invest 25, 441–453 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03710-w

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