Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of digital enhancement on the radiographic assessment of vertical root fractures in the presence of different intracanal materials: an in vitro study

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of enhancement tools of intraoral digital radiographs on the assessment of vertical root fracture (VRF) and to quantify the resultant image noise.

Materials and methods

Thirty single-rooted human teeth (15 control and 15 fractured) were each radiographed in four intracanal conditions: no filling, gutta-percha, metal post, and fiberglass post, totaling 120 original images. Two filters were applied to the original images—Sharpen filter (SF) and Edge Enhancement filter (EE), and brightness and contrast were adjusted in four combinations (B&C1 to 4), resulting in 840 images. Five oral radiologists analyzed the images for VRF detection. Pixel intensity was obtained in two regions from the radiographs. Diagnostic values were calculated and compared by two-way ANOVA, and the SD values of pixel intensity values were compared by one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05).

Results

There were no significant differences in accuracy for VRF detection between the experimental groups (p > 0.05). Teeth with metal post presented the lowest sensitivity (p < 0.05) for all experimental conditions, except for SF and EE (p > 0.05). B&C2, B&C3, and B&C4 had higher specificity than SF (p ≤ 0.05) for all intracanal conditions. Analysis of pixel intensity showed that all enhanced images presented statistically significant higher noise compared to those of the original images (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

Digital enhancement tools in digital radiography increase image noise; however, they can be used without compromising VRF detection.

Clinical relevance

The use of digital enhancement does not impair the detection of VRF and, therefore, can be applied for this purpose according to the observer preference.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Patel S, Brady E, Wilson R, Brown J, Mannocci F (2013) The detection of vertical root fractures in root filled teeth with periapical radiographs and CBCT scans. Int Endod J 46:1140–1152. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12109

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bechara B, McMahan CA, Noujeim M et al (2013) Comparison of cone beam CT scans with enhanced photostimulated phosphor plate images in the detection of root fracture of endodontically treated teeth. Dentomaxillofac Radiol:42. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20120404

  3. Brady E, Mannocci F, Brown J, Wilson R, Patel S (2014) A comparison of cone beam computed tomography and periapical radiography for the detection of vertical root fractures in nonendodontically treated teeth. Int Endod J 47:735–746. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12209

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Khedmat S, Rouhi N, Drage N, Shokouhinejad N, Nekoofar MH (2012) Evaluation of three imaging techniques for the detection of vertical root fractures in the absence and presence of gutta-percha root fillings. Int Endod J 45:1004–1009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02062.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Talwar S, Utneja S, Nawal RR, Kaushik A, Srivastava D, Oberoy SS (2016) Role of cone-beam computed tomography in diagnosis of vertical root fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod 42:12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2015.09.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Gaêta-Araujo H, Silva de Souza GQ, Freitas DQ, de Oliveira-Santos C (2017) Optimization of tube current in cone-beam computed tomography for the detection of vertical root fractures with different intracanal materials. J Endod 43:1668–1673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.04.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Choi J-W, Han W-J, Kim E-K (2014) Image enhancement of digital periapical radiographs according to diagnostic tasks. Imaging Sci Dent 44:31–35. https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2014.44.1.31

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Nascimento EH, Gaêta-Araujo H, Vasconcelos KF et al (2018) Influence of brightness and contrast adjustments on the diagnosis of proximal caries lesions. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 47:20180100. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20180100

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Nascimento EHL, Gaêta-Araujo H, Galvão NS, Moreira-Souza L, Oliveira-Santos C, Freitas DQ (2019) Effect of brightness and contrast variation for detectability of root resorption lesions in digital intraoral radiographs. Clin Oral Investig 23:3379–3386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2764-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Makeeva IM, Byakova SF, Novozhilova NE, Adzhieva EK, Golubeva GI, Grachev VI, Kasatkina IV (2016) Detection of artificially induced vertical root fractures of different widths by cone beam computed tomography in vitro and in vivo. Int Endod J 49:980–989. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12549

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Nascimento HAR, Ramos ACA, Neves FS, de-Azevedo-Vaz SL, Freitas DQ (2015) The ‘Sharpen’ filter improves the radiographic detection of vertical root fractures. Int Endod J 48:428–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12331

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Güneri P, Lomçali G, Boyacioǧlu H, Kendir S (2005) The effects of incremental brightness and contrast adjustments on radiographic data: a quantitative study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 34:20–27. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/85029529

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Brasil DM, Yamasaki MC, Santaella GM, Guido MCZ, Freitas DQ, Haiter-Neto F (2019) Influence of VistaScan image enhancement filters on diagnosis of simulated periapical lesions on intraoral radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 48:20180146. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20180146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kal BI, Baksi BG, Dündar N, Şen BH (2007) Effect of various digital processing algorithms on the measurement accuracy of endodontic file length. Oral Surge Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol 103:280–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.06.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Bushberg JT (2015) Eleventh annual Warren K. Sinclair keynote address—science, radiation protection and NCRP: building on the past, looking to the future. Health Phys 108:115–123. https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000000228

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Vasconcelos K d F, Rovaris K, Nascimento EHL et al (2017) Diagnostic accuracy of phosphor plate systems and conventional radiography in the detection of simulated internal root resorption. Acta Odontol Scand 75:573–576. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2017.1359331

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Shintaku WH, Venturin JS, Noujeim M, Dove SB (2013) Comparison between intraoral indirect and conventional film-based imaging for the detection of dental root fractures: an ex vivo study. Dent Traumatol 29:445–449. https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12041

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Chavda R, Mannocci F, Andiappan M, Patel S (2014) Comparing the in vivo diagnostic accuracy of digital periapical radiography with cone-beam computed tomography for the detection of vertical root fracture. J Endod 40:1524–1529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2014.05.011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ferreira LM, Visconti MAPG, Nascimento HA, Dallemolle RR, Ambrosano GM, Freitas DQ (2015) Influence of CBCT enhancement filters on diagnosis of vertical root fractures: a simulation study in endodontically treated teeth with and without intracanal posts. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 44:2–7. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20140352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Queiroz PM, Nascimento HAR, Da Paz TDJ et al (2016) Accuracy of digital subtraction radiography in the detection of vertical root fractures. J Endod 42:896–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2016.03.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kambungton J, Janhom A, Prapayasatok S, Pongsiriwet S (2012) Assessment of vertical root fractures using three imaging modalities: cone beam CT, intraoral digital radiography and film. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 41:91–95. https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/49798768

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Khasnis S, Kidiyoor K, Patil A, Kenganal S (2014) Vertical root fractures and their management. J Conserv Dent 17:103–110. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.128034

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Barayan M, Nasseh I, Geha N, Noujeim M (2017) The effects of imaging enhancement tools in the detection of horizontal root fractures. J Clin Diagn Res 11:98–101. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/26775.10490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Tofangchiha M, Bakhshi M, Shariati M, Valizadeh S, Adel M, Sobouti F (2012) Detection of vertical root fractures using digitally enhanced images: reverse-contrast and colorization. Dent Traumatol 28:478–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01120.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kamburòlu K, Murat S, Pehlivan SY (2010) The effects of digital image enhancement on the detection of vertical root fracture. Dent Traumatol 26:47–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00841.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Mikrogeorgis G, Eirinaki E, Kapralos V et al (2017) Diagnosis of vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth utilising digital subtraction radiography: a case series report. Aust Endod J. https://doi.org/10.1111/aej.12240

  28. Belém MDF, Ambrosano GMB, Tabchoury CPM, Ferreita-Santos RI, Haiter-Neto F (2013) Performance of digital radiography with enhancement filters for the diagnosis of proximal caries. Braz Oral Res 27:245–251. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-83242013000300004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Clark JL, Wadhwani CP, Abramovitch K, Rice DD, Kattadiyil MT (2018) Effect of image sharpening on radiographic image quality. J Prosthet Dent 120:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.03.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil

    Hugo Gaêta-Araujo, Eduarda H. L. Nascimento, Nicolly Oliveira-Santos, Polyane M. Queiroz, Matheus L. Oliveira & Deborah Q. Freitas

  2. Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, Division of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Cafe, s/n, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil

    Christiano Oliveira-Santos

Authors
  1. Hugo Gaêta-Araujo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eduarda H. L. Nascimento
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nicolly Oliveira-Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Polyane M. Queiroz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Matheus L. Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Deborah Q. Freitas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Christiano Oliveira-Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hugo Gaêta-Araujo.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP (#2.057.024) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gaêta-Araujo, H., Nascimento, E.H.L., Oliveira-Santos, N. et al. Effect of digital enhancement on the radiographic assessment of vertical root fractures in the presence of different intracanal materials: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Invest 25, 195–202 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03353-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03353-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation