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“Smile healthy to your diabetes”: health coaching-based intervention for oral health and diabetes management

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Abstract

Objectives

This study is the first to our knowledge that aims to evaluate the impact of Health Coaching (HC) compared to Health Education (HE) on oral health and diabetes management among patients with diabetes type II (DM2).

Material and methods

The study is part of a prospective intervention among randomly selected DM2 patients (n = 186), Istanbul, Turkey. The data analyzed were Community Periodontal Need Index (CPI) and HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin percentage). Data was collected initially and at the end of the intervention. The participants, both attending oral examinations and filing out questionnaires (n = 179), were allocated to HC (n = 77) and HE (n = 102) groups by means of a block table of random numbers.

Results

At baseline, there was no statistical difference between HC and HE groups in terms of CPI and HbA1c (p > 0.05). At postintervention, the HC group had significantly lower CPI and HbA1C than the HE group (p < 0.01). There was a significant reduction at HbA1c (0.8 %) and CPI (74 %) in HC group (p < 0.05). The impact of HE on CPI was less significant (21 % reduction) (p = 0.001); however, it was not significant on HbA1c (p = 0.68). The improvement at CPI from baseline to postintervention had significant impact on reduced HbA1c in the HC group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The present findings imply that HC has a significantly higher impact on better management of diabetes and oral health when compared to formal HE. This calls for the use of HC by dentists, physicians, and diabetes educators in order to improve quality of life of DM2 patients by facilitating better oral health and diabetes self-management.

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Abbreviations

HC:

Health Coaching

HE:

Health Education

WHO:

World Health Organization

CPI:

Community Need Index

HbA1c:

Glycated hemoglobin expressed as the percentage of hemoglobin that is exposed to glucose

DI:

Duygu Ilhan (examiner)

AB:

Arzu Beklen (examiner)

BEA:

Bilge Ertoglu Akmenek (performed periodontal cleaning for all participants)

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Acknowledgments

We express our deepest thanks to Prof. Nazif Bagriacik (Head, Turkish Diabetes Association), and Associate Prof. Mehmet Sargin and Head Diabetes Nurse Sengul Isik (Diabetes Unit, S.B. Kartal Research and Education Hospital) for all their support and help during the research. We thank Prof. Aytekin Oguz for his help on the preparation of the documents for the ethical permission. We also thank Prof. I Oktay and periodontologist Duygu Ilhan for training for clinical oral examinations. We also thank ZENDIUM for oral health care kits, SPLENDA (TR) for the promotional tools, ChiBall World Pty. Ltd. for exercising chi balls, and to IVOCLAR Vivadent, Plandent, Denmark for provision of CRT kits. Many thanks are due to our patients for their participation and cooperation.

The research is part of an international project that it has two phases: Turkish phase which is presented here is supported by FDI and the International Research Fund of University of Copenhagen. The second phase is in Denmark. It is supported by BRIDGES, and BRIDGES is an IDF program supported by an educational grant from Lilly Diabetes.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oral Public Health Department, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Ayse Basak Cinar

  2. Oral Public Health Department, Yeditepe Dental Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

    Inci Oktay

  3. Section of Global Oral Health Promotion, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Lone Schou

  4. Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Norre Alle 20, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Ayse Basak Cinar

Authors
  1. Ayse Basak Cinar
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Correspondence to Ayse Basak Cinar.

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Cinar, A.B., Oktay, I. & Schou, L. “Smile healthy to your diabetes”: health coaching-based intervention for oral health and diabetes management. Clin Oral Invest 18, 1793–1801 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1165-2

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