Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The hairpin conformation of the amyloid β peptide is an important structural motif along the aggregation pathway

  • Minireview
  • Published:
JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The amyloid β (Aβ) peptides are 39–42 residue-long peptides found in the senile plaques in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. These peptides self-aggregate in aqueous solution, going from soluble and mainly unstructured monomers to insoluble ordered fibrils. The aggregation process(es) are strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Several lines of evidence indicate that the neurotoxic species are the intermediate oligomeric states appearing along the aggregation pathways. This minireview summarizes recent findings, mainly based on solution and solid-state NMR experiments and electron microscopy, which investigate the molecular structures and characteristics of the Aβ peptides at different stages along the aggregation pathways. We conclude that a hairpin-like conformation constitutes a common motif for the Aβ peptides in most of the described structures. There are certain variations in different hairpin conformations, for example regarding H-bonding partners, which could be one reason for the molecular heterogeneity observed in the aggregated systems. Interacting hairpins are the building blocks of the insoluble fibrils, again with variations in how hairpins are organized in the cross-section of the fibril, perpendicular to the fibril axis. The secondary structure propensities can be seen already in peptide monomers in solution. Unfortunately, detailed structural information about the intermediate oligomeric states is presently not available. In the review, special attention is given to metal ion interactions, particularly the binding constants and ligand structures of Aβ complexes with Cu(II) and Zn(II), since these ions affect the aggregation process(es) and are considered to be involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Haass C, Selkoe DJ (2007) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:101–112

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Masters CL, Selkoe DJ (2012) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2:a006262

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Sunde M, Blake CC (1998) Q Rev Biophys 31:1–39

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Eisenberg D, Jucker M (2012) Cell 148:1188–1203

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Chiti F, Dobson CM (2006) Annu Rev Biochem 75:333–366

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Fändrich M (2012) J Mol Biol 421:427–440

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Selkoe DJ (1991) Neuron 6:487–498

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Hardy JA, Higgins GA (1992) Science 256:184–185

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Butterfield SM, Lashuel HA (2010) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 49:5628–5654

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Lashuel HA, Hartley D, Petre BM, Walz T, Lansbury PT Jr (2002) Nature 418:291

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Biancalana M, Koide S (2010) Biochim Biophys Acta 1804:1405–1412

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Skeby KK, Sørensen J, Schiøtt B (2013) J Am Chem Soc 135:15114–15128

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Necula M, Kayed R, Milton S, Glabe CG (2007) J Biol Chem 282:10311–10324

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Benilova I, Karran E, De Strooper B (2012) Nat Neurosci 15:349–357

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Nelson R, Sawaya MR, Balbirnie M, Madsen AØ, Riekel C, Grothe R, Eisenberg D (2005) Nature 435:773–778

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sawaya MR, Sambashivan S, Nelson R, Ivanova MI, Sievers SA, Apostol MI, Thompson MJ, Balbirnie M, Wiltzius JJ, McFarlane HT, Madsen AØ, Riekel C, Eisenberg D (2007) Nature 447:453–457

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Fitzpatrick AW, Debelouchina GT, Bayro MJ, Clare DK, Caporini MA, Bajaj VS, Jaroniec CP, Wang L, Ladizhansky V, Muller SA, MacPhee CE, Waudby CA, Mott HR, De Simone A, Knowles TP, Saibil HR, Vendruscolo M, Orlova EV, Griffin RG, Dobson CM (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:5468–5473

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Tycko R (2011) Annu Rev Phys Chem 62:279–299

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Wärmländer S, Tiiman A, Abelein A, Luo J, Jarvet J, Söderberg KL, Danielsson J, Gräslund A (2013) ChemBioChem 14:1692–1704

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Abelein A, Lang L, Lendel C, Gräslund A, Danielsson J (2012) FEBS Lett 586:3991–3995

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Fawzi NL, Ying J, Torchia DA, Clore GM (2010) J Am Chem Soc 132:9948–9951

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Abelein A, Kaspersen JD, Nielsen SB, Jensen GV, Christiansen G, Pedersen JS, Danielsson J, Otzen DE, Gräslund A (2013) J Biol Chem 288:23518–23528

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Bertini I, Luchinat C, Parigi G, Pierattelli R (2005) ChemBioChem 6:1536–1549

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bertini I, Luchinat C, Parigi G, Pierattelli R (2008) Dalton Trans, 3782–3790

  25. Bertini I, Gonnelli L, Luchinat C, Mao J, Nesi A (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:16013–16022

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. De Strooper B, Saftig P, Craessaerts K, Vanderstichele H, Guhde G, Annaert W, Von Figura K, Van Leuven F (1998) Nature 391:387–390

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Gralle M, Ferreira ST (2007) Prog Neurobiol 82:11–32

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Barrett PJ, Song Y, Van Horn WD, Hustedt EJ, Schafer JM, Hadziselimovic A, Beel AJ, Sanders CR (2012) Science 336:1168–1171

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Riek R, Guntert P, Dobeli H, Wipf B, Wüthrich K (2001) Eur J Biochem 268:5930–5936

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Shao H, Jao S, Ma K, Zagorski MG (1999) J Mol Biol 285:755–773

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Jarvet J, Danielsson J, Damberg P, Oleszczuk M, Gräslund A (2007) J Biomol NMR 39:63–72

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Dyson HJ, Wright PE (2005) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:197–208

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Lacy ER, Filippov I, Lewis WS, Otieno S, Xiao L, Weiss S, Hengst L, Kriwacki RW (2004) Nat Struct Mol Biol 11:358–364

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Danielsson J, Jarvet J, Damberg P, Gräslund A (2002) Magn Reson Chem 40:S89–S97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Bernado P, Blackledge M (2009) Biophys J 97:2839–2845

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Jarvet J, Damberg P, Danielsson J, Johansson I, Eriksson LE, Gräslund A (2003) FEBS Lett 555:371–374

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Danielsson J, Jarvet J, Damberg P, Gräslund A (2005) FEBS J 272:3938–3949

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Danielsson J, Andersson A, Jarvet J, Gräslund A (2006) Magn Reson Chem 44 Spec No:S114–S121

  39. Hou L, Shao H, Zhang Y, Li H, Menon NK, Neuhaus EB, Brewer JM, Byeon IJ, Ray DG, Vitek MP, Iwashita T, Makula RA, Przybyla AB, Zagorski MG (2004) J Am Chem Soc 126:1992–2005

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Yamaguchi T, Matsuzaki K, Hoshino M (2011) FEBS Lett 585:1097–1102

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Lazo ND, Grant MA, Condron MC, Rigby AC, Teplow DB (2005) Protein Sci 14:1581–1596

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Roychaudhuri R, Yang M, Condron MM, Teplow DB (2012) Biochemistry 51:3957–3959

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Moriarty DF, Raleigh DP (1999) Biochemistry 38:1811–1818

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Chiti F, Taddei N, Baroni F, Capanni C, Stefani M, Ramponi G, Dobson CM (2002) Nat Struct Biol 9:137–143

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Simmons LK, May PC, Tomaselli KJ, Rydel RE, Fuson KS, Brigham EF, Wright S, Lieberburg I, Becker GW, Brems DN et al (1994) Mol Pharmacol 45:373–379

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Marsh JA, Singh VK, Jia Z, Forman-Kay JD (2006) Protein Sci 15:2795–2804

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Tjernberg L, Hosia W, Bark N, Thyberg J, Johansson J (2002) J Biol Chem 277:43243–43246

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Hoyer W, Grönwall C, Jonsson A, Ståhl S, Härd T (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:5099–5104

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Shen Y, Joachimiak A, Rosner MR, Tang WJ (2006) Nature 443:870–874

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Lindgren J, Wahlström A, Danielsson J, Markova N, Ekblad C, Gräslund A, Abrahmsén L, Eriksson Karlström A, Wärmländer SKTS (2010) Protein Sci 19:2319–2329

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Lindgren J, Segerfeldt P, Sholts SB, Gräslund A, Karlström AE, Wärmländer SK (2013) J Inorg Biochem 120:18–23

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Sandberg A, Luheshi LM, Söllvander S, Pereira de Barros T, Macao B, Knowles TP, Biverstål H, Lendel C, Ekholm-Petterson F, Dubnovitsky A, Lannfelt L, Dobson CM, Härd T (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:15595–15600

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Adlard PA, Bush AI (2006) J Alzheimers Dis 10:145–163

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Ayton S, Lei P, Bush AI (2013) Free Radic Biol Med 62:76–89

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Lovell MA, Robertson JD, Teesdale WJ, Campbell JL, Markesbery WR (1998) J Neurol Sci 158:47–52

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Tõugu V, Tiiman A, Palumaa P (2011) Metallomics 3:250–261

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Tiiman A, Palumaa P, Tõugu V (2013) Neurochem Int 62:367–378

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Alies B, Renaglia E, Rozga M, Bal W, Faller P, Hureau C (2013) Anal Chem 85:1501–1508

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Tõugu V, Karafin A, Palumaa P (2008) J Neurochem 104:1249–1259

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Sacco C, Skowronsky RA, Gade S, Kenney JM, Spuches AM (2012) J Biol Inorg Chem 17:531–541

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Rozga M, Kloniecki M, Dadlez M, Bal W (2010) Chem Res Toxicol 23:336–340

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Sarell CJ, Syme CD, Rigby SE, Viles JH (2009) Biochemistry 48:4388–4402

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Danielsson J, Pierattelli R, Banci L, Gräslund A (2007) FEBS J 274:46–59

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Badarau A, Dennison C (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:2983–2988

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Jeney V, Itoh S, Wendt M, Gradek Q, Ushio-Fukai M, Harrison DG, Fukai T (2005) Circ Res 96:723–729

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Suzuki K, Miura T, Takeuchi H (2001) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 285:991–996

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Garai K, Sengupta P, Sahoo B, Maiti S (2006) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 345:210–215

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Garai K, Sahoo B, Kaushalya SK, Desai R, Maiti S (2007) Biochemistry 46:10655–10663

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Tõugu V, Karafin A, Zovo K, Chung RS, Howells C, West AK, Palumaa P (2009) J Neurochem 110:1784–1795

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Pedersen JT, Ostergaard J, Rozlosnik N, Gammelgaard B, Heegaard NH (2011) J Biol Chem 286:26952–26963

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Yoshiike Y, Tanemura K, Murayama O, Akagi T, Murayama M, Sato S, Sun X, Tanaka N, Takashima A (2001) J Biol Chem 276:32293–32299

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Ghalebani L, Wahlström A, Danielsson J, Wärmländer SK, Gräslund A (2012) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 421:554–560

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Huang X, Atwood CS, Hartshorn MA, Multhaup G, Goldstein LE, Scarpa RC, Cuajungco MP, Gray DN, Lim J, Moir RD, Tanzi RE, Bush AI (1999) Biochemistry 38:7609–7616

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Cardoso SM, Rego AC, Pereira C, Oliveira CR (2005) Neurotox Res 7:273–281

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Johansson AS, Vestling M, Zetterström P, Lang L, Leinartaite L, Karlström M, Danielsson J, Marklund SL, Oliveberg M (2012) PLoS ONE 7:e36104

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Minicozzi V, Stellato F, Comai M, Dalla Serra M, Potrich C, Meyer-Klaucke W, Morante S (2008) J Biol Chem 283:10784–10792

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Zirah S, Kozin SA, Mazur AK, Blond A, Cheminant M, Segalas-Milazzo I, Debey P, Rebuffat S (2006) J Biol Chem 281:2151–2161

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Drew SC, Noble CJ, Masters CL, Hanson GR, Barnham KJ (2009) J Am Chem Soc 131:1195–1207

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Gaggelli E, Janicka-Klos A, Jankowska E, Kozlowski H, Migliorini C, Molteni E, Valensin D, Valensin G, Wieczerzak E (2008) J Phys Chem B 112:100–109

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Hureau C, Coppel Y, Dorlet P, Solari PL, Sayen S, Guillon E, Sabater L, Faller P (2009) Angew Chem 48:9522–9525

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Zirah S, Rebuffat S, Kozin SA, Debey P, Fournier F, Lesage D, Tabet JC (2003) Int J Mass Spectrom 228:999–1016

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Valiente-Gabioud AA, Torres-Monserrat V, Molina-Rubino L, Binolfi A, Griesinger C, Fernandez CO (2012) J Inorg Biochem 117:334–341

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Rezaei-Ghaleh N, Giller K, Becker S, Zweckstetter M (2011) Biophys J 101:1202–1211

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Yang DS, McLaurin J, Qin K, Westaway D, Fraser PE (2000) Eur J Biochem 267:6692–6698

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Miura T, Suzuki K, Takeuchi H (2001) J Mol Struct 598:79–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Curtain CC, Ali F, Volitakis I, Cherny RA, Norton RS, Beyreuther K, Barrow CJ, Masters CL, Bush AI, Barnham KJ (2001) J Biol Chem 276:20466–20473

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Miura T, Suzuki K, Kohata N, Takeuchi H (2000) Biochemistry 39:7024–7031

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Heise H (2008) ChemBioChem 9:179–189

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Paravastu AK, Qahwash I, Leapman RD, Meredith SC, Tycko R (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:7443–7448

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Spencer RG, Halverson KJ, Auger M, McDermott AE, Griffin RG, Lansbury PT Jr (1991) Biochemistry 30:10382–10387

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Lansbury PT Jr, Costa PR, Griffiths JM, Simon EJ, Auger M, Halverson KJ, Kocisko DA, Hendsch ZS, Ashburn TT, Spencer RG et al (1995) Nat Struct Biol 2:990–998

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Costa PR, Kocisko DA, Sun BQ, Lansbury PT Jr, Griffin RG (1997) J Am Chem Soc 119:10487–10493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Antzutkin ON, Balbach JJ, Leapman RD, Rizzo NW, Reed J, Tycko R (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:13045–13050

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Benzinger TL, Gregory DM, Burkoth TS, Miller-Auer H, Lynn DG, Botto RE, Meredith SC (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:13407–13412

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Lührs T, Ritter C, Adrian M, Riek-Loher D, Bohrmann B, Döbeli H, Schubert D, Riek R (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:17342–17347

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Luo J, Otero JM, Yu CH, Wärmländer SK, Gräslund A, Overhand M, Abrahams JP (2013) Chemistry 19:17338–17348

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Qiang W, Yau WM, Luo Y, Mattson MP, Tycko R (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:4443–4448

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Lu JX, Qiang W, Yau WM, Schwieters CD, Meredith SC, Tycko R (2013) Cell 154:1257–1268

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Safar J, Wille H, Itri V, Groth D, Serban H, Torchia M, Cohen FE, Prusiner SB (1998) Nat Med 4:1157–1165

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Stohr J, Watts JC, Mensinger ZL, Oehler A, Grillo SK, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner SB, Giles K (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:11025–11030

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Bertini I, Gallo G, Korsak M, Luchinat C, Mao J, Ravera E (2013) ChemBioChem 14:1891–1897

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Parthasarathy S, Long F, Miller Y, Xiao Y, McElheny D, Thurber K, Ma B, Nussinov R, Ishii Y (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:3390–3400

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Grigorieff N, Harrison SC (2011) Curr Opin Struct Biol 21:265–273

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Nederlof I, Li YW, van Heel M, Abrahams JP (2013) Acta Crystallogr Sect D Biol Crystallogr 69:852–859

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Sachse C, Xu C, Wieligmann K, Diekmann S, Grigorieff N, Fändrich M (2006) J Mol Biol 362:347–354

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Sachse C, Fändrich M, Grigorieff N (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:7462–7466

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Sachse C, Grigorieff N, Fändrich M (2010) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 49:1321–1323

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Zhang R, Hu X, Khant H, Ludtke SJ, Chiu W, Schmid MF, Frieden C, Lee JM (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:4653–4658

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Miller Y, Ma B, Tsai CJ, Nussinov R (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:14128–14133

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Schmidt M, Sachse C, Richter W, Xu C, Fändrich M, Grigorieff N (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:19813–19818

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Bodner CR, Dobson CM, Bax A (2009) J Mol Biol 390:775–790

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Hallbeck M, Nath S, Marcusson J (2013) Neuroscientist 19:560–566

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Matlack KE, Tardiff DF, Narayan P, Hamamichi S, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA, Lindquist S (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111:4013–4018

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Petkova AT, Yau WM, Tycko R (2006) Biochemistry 45:498–512

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Pettersen EF, Goddard TD, Huang CC, Couch GS, Greenblatt DM, Meng EC, Ferrin TE (2004) J Comput Chem 25:1605–1612

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council to A.G., from NOW (TOP.08.B3.014) to J.P.A., Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (Targeting Financing Theme SF 9690034s09) to J.J. and from the Magnus Bergvall foundation to S.W. Funding for J.D. was from Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (MDB10-0030). We thank Dr. Göran Eriksson for fruitful discussions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden

    Axel Abelein, Jens Danielsson, Astrid Gräslund, Jüri Jarvet, Ann Tiiman & Sebastian K. T. S. Wärmländer

  2. Gorlaeus Laboratory, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Jan Pieter Abrahams & Jinghui Luo

  3. The National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia

    Jüri Jarvet

Authors
  1. Axel Abelein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jan Pieter Abrahams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jens Danielsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Astrid Gräslund
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jüri Jarvet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jinghui Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ann Tiiman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Sebastian K. T. S. Wärmländer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jens Danielsson or Astrid Gräslund.

Additional information

Responsible Editors: Lucia Banci and Claudio Luchinat.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abelein, A., Abrahams, J.P., Danielsson, J. et al. The hairpin conformation of the amyloid β peptide is an important structural motif along the aggregation pathway. J Biol Inorg Chem 19, 623–634 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-014-1131-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-014-1131-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation