Amino Acids

, Volume 42, Issue 5, pp 1735–1747 | Cite as

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of taurine against ischemic stroke is related to down-regulation of PARP and NF-κB

Original Article
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Abstract

Taurine is reported to reduce tissue damage induced by inflammation and to protect the brain against experimental stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate whether taurine reduced ischemic brain damage through suppressing inflammation related to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) in a rat model of stroke. Rats received 2 h ischemia by intraluminal filament and were then reperfused. Taurine (50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously 1 h after ischemia. Treatment with taurine markedly reduced neurological deficits, lessened brain swelling, attenuated cell death, and decreased the infarct volume 72 h after ischemia. Our data showed the up-regulation of PARP and NF-κB p65 in cytosolic fractions in the core and nuclear fractions in the penumbra and core, and the increases in the nuclear poly (ADP-ribose) levels and the decreases in the intracellular NAD+ levels in the penumbra and core at 22 h of reperfusion; these changes were reversed by taurine. Moreover, taurine significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1, lessened the activities of myeloperoxidase and attenuated the infiltration of neutrophils in the penumbra and core at 22 h of reperfusion. These data demonstrate that suppressing the inflammatory reaction related to PARP and NF-κB-driven expression of inflammatory mediators may be one mechanism of taurine against ischemic stroke.

Keywords

Experimental stroke Taurine PARP NF-κB Inflammation 

Abbreviations

DTT

Dithiothreitol

EDTA

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EGTA

Ethyleneglycol bis(2-aminoethyl ether)tetraacetic acid

HE staining

Hematoxylin and eosin staining

HEPES

N-2-Hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2′-ethanesulfonic acid

HOCl

Hypochlorous acid

IκB

Inhibitory κB

ICAM-1

Intracellular adhesion molecule-1

IL-1β

Interleukin-1β

iNOS

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

MCAo

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

MPO

Myeloperoxidase

NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NBT/BCIP

Nitroblue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-inoloyl-phosphate

NF-κB

Nuclear factor-kappaB

PAR

Poly (ADP-ribose)

PARP

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase

PMSF

Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride

ROS

Reactive oxygen species

SDS-PAGE

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Tau-NHCl

Taurine monochloramine

Tau-NCl2

Taurine dichloramine

TNF-α

Tumor necrosis factor-α

TTC

2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chlorides

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Notes

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 7052018).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of NeurochemistryBeijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijingChina

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