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Longterm outcome of cognition, affective state, and quality of life following subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease

  • Neurology and Preclinical Neurological Studies - Original Article
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Abstract

Normal cognition is an established selection criteria for subthalamic (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD), while concern has been raised as to aggravated cognitive decline in PD patients following STN-DBS. The present longterm study investigates cognitive status in all patients (n = 104) suffering from PD, who were treated via continuous bilateral STN-DBS between 1997 and 2006 in a single institution. Preoperative neuropsychological results were available in 79/104 of the patients. Thirty-seven of these patients were additionally assessed after 6.3 ± 2.2 years (range 3.6–10.5 years) postsurgery via neuropsychological and motor test batteries, classifying cognitive conditions according to established criteria. At DBS-surgery patients, available for longterm follow-up (n = 37; mean age 67.6 ± 6.9 years, mean disease duration 11.3 ± 4.1 years), showed no (24.3%; 9/37) or mild preoperative cognitive impairment (MCI, 75.7%; 28/37). Postoperatively (mean disease duration: 17.1 ± 5.1 years), 19% of the patients (7/37) had no cognitive impairment, while 41% of the patients presented with either MCI or dementia (15/37, respectively). Preoperative MCI correlated with conversion to dementia by trend. Overall, STN-DBS-treated patients deteriorated by 1.6/140 points/year in the Mattis dementia rating scale. Disease duration, but not age, at DBS-surgery negatively correlated with postoperative cognitive decline and positively correlated with conversion to dementia. This observational, “real-life” study provides longterm results of cognitive decline in STN-DBS-treated patients with presurgical MCI possibly predicting the conversion to dementia. Although, the present data is lacking a control group of medically treated PD patients, comparison with other studies on cognition and PD do not support a disease-modifying effect of STN-DBS on cognitive domains.

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Abbreviations

BAI:

Beck Anxiety Inventory

BDI:

Beck Depression Inventory

BPRS:

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale

BRMS:

Bech-Rafaelsen-Mania Scale

DBS:

Deep brain stimulation

LED:

Levodopa equivalent dosage

MADRS:

Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale

mMDRS:

Modified Mattis Dementia Rating Scale

MDMQ:

Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaire

OR:

Odds ratio

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PD-D:

Parkinson’s disease with dementia

PD-MCI:

Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment

PD-NC:

Parkinson’s disease with normal cognition

PDQ 39:

Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire

QoL:

Quality of life

RBD:

REM sleep behaviour disorder

RAVLT:

Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test

SF 36:

36-item Short-Form Health Survey

SHAPS-D:

Snaith–Hamilton-Pleasure-Scale

STN:

Nucleus subthlamicus

TMT:

Trail Making Test

UPDRSm:

Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, motor subscore

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Acknowledgements

We thank our patients for their continued support of our work.

Funding

University Medicine Berlin, Charité.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Movement Disorders Clinic, Strasse nach Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstaetten, Germany

    Doreen Gruber

  2. Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

    Doreen Gruber, Lisa Calmbach, Andrea A. Kühn, Patricia Krause & Ute A. Kopp

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

    Gerd-Helge Schneider

  4. Department of Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany

    Doreen Gruber, Lisa Calmbach & Andreas Kupsch

  5. NEUROLOGY MOVES, Movement Disorder Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Andreas Kupsch

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DG has received honoraria for speaking from Medtronic, outside the submitted work. AAK is a consultant to Boston Scientific and has received honoraria for speaking from Medtronic, Boston Scientific and Abbott, also grants from Medtronic, all outside the submitted work. GHS has received honoraria for speaking from Medtronic, and Boston Scientific, outside the submitted work. AK has received honoraria for speaking from Medtronic and Abbott, outside the submitted work. LC and UK declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Gruber, D., Calmbach, L., Kühn, A.A. et al. Longterm outcome of cognition, affective state, and quality of life following subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 126, 309–318 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-019-01972-7

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