Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Petroclival meningiomas: update of current treatment and consensus by the EANS skull base section

  • Review Article - Brain Tumors
  • Published:
Acta Neurochirurgica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

The optimal management of petroclival meningiomas (PCMs) continues to be debated along with several controversies that persist.

Methods

A task force was created by the EANS skull base section along with its members and other renowned experts in the field to generate recommendations for the management of these tumors. To achieve this, the task force reviewed in detail the literature in this field and had formal discussions within the group.

Results

The constituted task force dealt with the existing definitions and classifications, pre-operative radiological investigations, management of small and asymptomatic PCMs, radiosurgery, optimal surgical strategies, multimodal treatment, decision-making, and patient’s counselling.

Conclusion

This article represents the consensually derived opinion of the task force with respect to the management of PCMs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abdel Aziz KM, Sanan A, Van Loveren HR, Tew J, Keller JT, Pensak ML, Diaz Day J (2000) Petroclival meningiomas: Predictive parameters for transpetrosal approaches. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200007000-00030

  2. Adachi K, Hasegawa M, Tateyama S, Kawazoe Y, Hirose Y (2018) Surgical Strategy for and Anatomic Locations of Petroapex and Petroclival Meningiomas Based on Evaluation of the Feeding Artery. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.05.052

  3. Adachi K, Hayakawa M, Ishihara K, Ganaha T, Nagahisa S, Hasegawa M, Hirose Y (2016) Study of Changing Intracranial Venous Drainage Patterns in Petroclival Meningioma. World Neurosurg 92:339–348

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Adeberg S, Harrabi SB, Verma V, Bernhardt D, Grau N, Debus J, Rieken S (2017) Treatment of meningioma and glioma with protons and carbon ions. Radiat Oncol 12(1):193

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Agarwal V, McCutcheon BA, Hughes JD, Carlson ML, Glasgow AE, Habermann EB, Nguyen QB, Link MJ, Van Gompel JJ (2017) Trends in Management of Intracranial Meningiomas: Analysis of 49,921 Cases from Modern Cohort. World Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.127

  6. Al-Mefty O, Ayoubi S, Smith RR (1991) The petrosal approach: indications, technique, and results. Acta neurochirurgica Supplementum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9183-5_27

  7. Almefty R, Dunn IF, Pravdenkova S, Abolfotoh M, Al-Mefty O (2014) True petroclival meningiomas: results of surgical management. J Neurosurg 120(1):40–51

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Altieri R, Sameshima T, Pacca P, Crobeddu E, Garbossa D, Ducati A, Zenga F (2017) Detailed anatomy knowledge: first step to approach petroclival meningiomas through the petrous apex. Anatomy lab experience and surgical series. Neurosurg Rev 40(2):231–239

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Arnaout O, Al-Mefty O (2017) Combined petrosal approach for petroclival meningioma. Neurosurg Focus 43(VideoSuppl2):V6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bambakidis NC, Kakarla UK, Kim LJ, Nakaji P, Porter RW, Daspit CP, Spetzler RF (2008) Evolution of surgical approaches in the treatment of petroclival meningiomas: a retrospective review. Neurosurgery 62(6 Suppl 3):1182–1191

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Beer-Furlan A, Abi-Hachem R, Jamshidi AO, Carrau RL, Prevedello DM (2016) Endoscopic trans-sphenoidal surgery for petroclival and clival meningiomas. J Neurosurg Sci

  12. Beer-Furlan A, Vellutini EAS, Balsalobre L, Stamm AC (2015) Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to Ventral Posterior Fossa Meningiomas: From Case Selection to Surgical Management. Neurosurg Clin N Am 26(3):413–426

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Beer-Furlan A, Vellutini EA, Gomes MQT, Cardoso AC, Prevedello LM, Todeschini AB, Prevedello DM (2019) Approach Selection and Surgical Planning in Posterior Cranial Fossa Meningiomas: How i Do It. J Neurol Surg, Part B: Skull Base. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675589

  14. Beniwal M, Bhat DI, Rao N, Bhagavatula ID, Somanna S (2015) Surgical management of petroclival meningiomas: Factors affecting early post-operative outcome. Br J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3109/02688697.2015.1019422

  15. Benz LS, Wrensch MR, Schildkraut JM, Bondy ML, Warren JL, Wiemels JL, Claus EB (2018) Quality of life after surgery for intracranial meningioma. Cancer 124(1):161–166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bernard F, Troude L, Isnard S, Lemée J-M, Terrier LM, François P, Velut S, Gay E, Fournier H-D, Roche P-H (2019) Long term surgical results of 154 petroclival meningiomas: A retrospective multicenter study. Neurochirurgie 65(2–3):55–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bernat AL, Oyama K, Hamdi S, Mandonnet E, Vexiau D, Pocard M, George B, Froelich S (2015) Growth stabilization and regression of meningiomas after discontinuation of cyproterone acetate: a case series of 12 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 157(10):1741–1746

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Bindal R, Goodman JM, Kawasaki A, Purvin V, Kuzma B (2003) The natural history of untreated skull base meningiomas. Surg Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-3019(02)00995-3

  19. Bir SC, Maiti TK, Bollam P, Nanda A (2016) Management of Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia Associated with Petroclival Meningioma. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 77(1):47–53

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Borghei-Razavi H, Tomio R, Fereshtehnejad SM, Shibao S, Schick U, Toda M, Yoshida K, Kawase T (2015) Pathological Location of Cranial Nerves in Petroclival Lesions: How to Avoid Their Injury during Anterior Petrosal Approach. J Neurol Surg, Part B: Skull Base. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1555137

  21. Borghei-Razavi H, Truong HQ, Fernandes Cabral DT, Sun X, Celtikci E, Wang E, Snyderman C, Gardner PA, Fernandez-Miranda JC (2019) Endoscopic endonasal petrosectomy: Anatomical investigation, limitations, and surgical relevance. Oper Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1093/ons/opy195

  22. Bossi Todeschini A, Montaser AS, Hardesty DA, Carrau RL, Prevedello DM (2018) The limits of the endoscopic endonasal transclival approach for posterior fossa tumors. J Neurosurg Sci 62(3):322–331

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Bricolo AP, Turazzi S, Talacchi A, Cristofori L (1992) Microsurgical removal of petroclival meningiomas: a report of 33 patients. Neurosurgery 31(5):813–828 discussion 828

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Campero Á, Tovar L, Ajler P (2019) Resection of a Dumbbell Skull Base Meningioma by a Combined Two-Staged Retrosigmoid and Transzygomatic Transcavernous Approach. Journal of Neurological Surgery

  25. Carvalho GA, Matthies C, Tatagiba M, Eghbal R, Samii M (2000) Impact of computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings on surgical outcome in petroclival meningiomas. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200012000-00005

  26. Castellano F, Ruggiero G (1953) Meningiomas of the posterior fossa. Acta radiologica. Supplementum

  27. Chanda A, Nanda A (2002) Partial labyrinthectomy petrous apicectomy approach to the petroclival region: An anatomic and technical study. Neurosurgery

  28. Chen LF, Yu XG, Bu B, Xu BN, Zhou DB (2011) The retrosigmoid approach to petroclival meningioma surgery. J Clin Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2011.03.027

  29. Couldwell WT (2008) Comment to Surgical removal of small petroclival meningiomas. Acta Neurochirurgica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-007-1403-y

  30. Couldwell WT, Fukushima T, Giannotta SL, Weiss MH (1996) Petroclival meningiomas: surgical experience in 109 cases. J Neurosurg 84(1):20–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Desgeorges M, Sterkers O (1994) Anatomo-radiological classification of meningioma of the posterior skull base. Neurochirurgie 40(5):273–295

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Di Carlo DT, Capo G, Fava A, Cagnazzo F, Margil-Sànchez M, Champagne P-O, Voormolen EHJ, Morganti R, Froelich S, Perrini P (2020) Petroclival meningiomas: the risk of post-operative cranial nerve deficits among different surgical approaches-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 162(9):2135–2143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. DiBiase SJ, Kwok Y, Yovino S, Arena C, Naqvi S, Temple R, Regine WF, Amin P, Guo C, Chin LS (2004) Factors predicting local tumor control after gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for benign intracranial meningiomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.05.073

  34. Diluna ML, Bulsara KR (2010) Surgery for petroclival meningiomas: A comprehensive review of outcomes in the skull base surgery era. Skull Base. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1253581

  35. Dogan I, Ocak PE, Pyle GM, Başkaya MK (2017) Resection of middle petroclival meningioma via combined anterior transpetrosal and retrosigmoid approaches at two separate stages: 3D operative video. Neurosurg Focus 43(VideoSuppl2):V12

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Fatima N, Meola A, Pollom E, Chaudhary N, Soltys S, Chang SD (2019) Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Large Intracranial Meningiomas: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.064

  37. Flannery TJ, Kano H, Lunsford LD, Sirin S, Tormenti M, Niranjan A, Flickinger JC, Kondziolka D (2010) Long-term control of petroclival meningiomas through radiosurgery: Clinical article. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.8.JNS09695

  38. Freeman JL, Sampath R, Quattlebaum SC, Casey MA, Folzenlogen ZA, Ramakrishnan VR, Youssef AS (2018) Expanding the endoscopic transpterygoid corridor to the petroclival region: Anatomical study and volumetric comparative analysis. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.1.JNS161788

  39. Fukushima PRT, Diaz Day J, Hirahara K (1996) Extradural total petrous apex resection with trigeminal translocation for improved exposure of the posterior cavernous sinus and petroclival region. Skull Base Surg 6(2):95–103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Gerganov VM, Giordano M, Elolf E, Osamah A, Amir S, Madjid S (2014) Operative management of patients with radiosurgery-related trigeminal neuralgia: Analysis of the surgical morbidity and pain outcome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.04.016

  41. Giammattei L, Borsotti F, Daniel RT (2019) Extreme lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach: how I do it. Acta Neurochirurgica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-019-03886-5

  42. Giammattei L, Starnoni D, Levivier M, Messerer M, Daniel RT (2019) Surgery for Clinoidal Meningiomas: Case Series and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes and Complications. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.253

  43. Goel A (1999) Extended lateral subtemporal approach for petroclival meningiomas: Report of experience with 24 cases. Br J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688699943673

  44. Goldbrunner R, Minniti G, Preusser M (2016) EANO guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of meningiomas. Lancet Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(16)30321-7

  45. Gonzalez LF, Crawford NR, Horgan MA et al (2002) Working area and angle of attack in three cranial base approaches: Pterional, orbitozygomatic, and maxillary extension of the orbitozygomatic approach. Neurosurgery 50(3):550–557

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Gosal J, Behari S, Joseph J, Jaiswal A, Sardhara J, Iqbal M, Mehrotra A, Srivastava A (2018) Surgical excision of large-to-giant petroclival meningiomas focusing on the middle fossa approaches: The lessons learnt. Neurol India. https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.241354

  47. Gross BA, Tavanaiepour D, Du R, Al-Mefty O, Dunn IF (2012) Evolution of the posterior petrosal approach. Neurosurg Focus 33(2):E7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Grossi PM, Nonaka Y, Watanabe K, Fukushima T (2012) The history of the combined supra- and infratentorial approach to the petroclival region. Neurosurg Focus:33

  49. Hakuba A, Nishimura S, Jang BJ (1988) A combined retroauricular and preauricular transpetrosal-transtentorial approach to clivus meningiomas. Surg Neurol 30(2):108–116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Han JH, Suh MJ, Kim JW, Cho HS, Moon IS (2017) Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis after schwannoma removal. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016489.2016.1212398

  51. Harland TA, Freeman JL, Davern M, McCracken DJ, Celano EC, Lillehei K, Olson JJ, Ormond DR (2018) Progesterone-only contraception is associated with a shorter progression-free survival in premenopausal women with WHO Grade I meningioma. J Neuro-Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-017-2656-9

  52. Hashimoto N, Rabo CS, Okita Y (2012) Slower growth of skull base meningiomas compared with non-skull base meningiomas based on volumetric and biological studies: Clinical article. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2011.11.JNS11999

  53. Hirohata M, Abe T, Fujimura N, Takeuchi Y, Shigemori M (2006) Preoperative embolization of brain tumor with pial artery or dural branch of internal carotid artery as feeding artery. Interv Neuroradiol. https://doi.org/10.1177/15910199060120s145

  54. Horgan MA, Anderson GJ, Kellogg JX, Schwartz MS, Spektor S, McMenomey SO, Delashaw JB (2000) Classification and quantification of the petrosal approach to the petroclival region. J Neurosurg 93(1):108–112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Hunter JB, Weaver KD, Thompson RC, Wanna GB (2015) Petroclival Meningiomas. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2015.02.007

  56. Ichimura S, Kawase T, Onozuka S, Yoshida K, Ohira T (2008) Four subtypes of petroclival meningiomas: Differences in symptoms and operative findings using the anterior transpetrosal approach. Acta Neurochirurgica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-008-1586-x

  57. Ilyas A, Przybylowski C, Chen CJ, Ding D, Foreman PM, Buell TJ, Taylor DG, Kalani MY, Park MS (2019) Preoperative embolization of skull base meningiomas: A systematic review. J Clin Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2018.06.022

  58. Islim AI, Mohan M, Moon RDC, Srikandarajah N, Mills SJ, Brodbelt AR, Jenkinson MD (2019) Incidental intracranial meningiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factors and outcomes. J Neuro-Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-019-03104-3

  59. Isolan GR, Wayhs SY, Lepski GA, Dini LI, Lavinsky J (2018) Petroclival Meningiomas: Factors Determining the Choice of Approach. J Neurol Surg, Part B: Skull Base. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608654

  60. Iwai Y, Yamanaka K, Shimohonji W, Ishibashi K (2019) Staged Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Large Skull Base Meningiomas. Cureus 11(10):e6001

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Jacquesson T, Berhouma M, Jouanneau E (2014) Comparison between the Anterior Petrosectomy and the Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Approach Interest in Skull Base Tumors Surgical Management. J Neurol Surg Part B: Skull Base. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1383984

  62. Jacquesson T, Cotton F, Attyé A, Zaouche S, Tringali S, Bosc J, Robinson P, Jouanneau E, Frindel C (2019) Probabilistic Tractography to Predict the Position of Cranial Nerves Displaced by Skull Base Tumors: Value for Surgical Strategy Through a Case Series of 62 Patients. Clin Neurosurg 85(1):E125–E136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Jo KI, Kim B, Cha MJ, Choi J-H, Jeon P, Kim KH (2016) Safety and efficacy of medium-sized particle embolisation for skull-base meningioma. Clinical Radiology 71(4):335–340

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Jung HW, Yoo H, Paek SH, Choi KS (2000) Long-term outcome and growth rate of subtotally resected petroclival meningiomas: Experience with 38 cases. Neurosurgery 46(3):567–575

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Kano H, Awan NR, Flannery TJ, Iyer A, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD, Kondziolka D (2011) Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with trigeminal neuralgia associated with petroclival meningiomas. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1159/000321187

  66. Kawase T, Shiobara R, Ohira T, Toya S (1996) Developmental patterns and characteristic symptoms of petroclival meningiomas. Neurol Med-Chir. https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.36.1

  67. Kawase T, Shiobara R, Toya S (1994) Middle fossa transpetrosal-transtentorial approaches for petroclival meningiomas selective pyramid resection and radicality. Acta Neurochir. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01406489

  68. Kawase T, Toya S, Shiobara R, Mine T (1985) Transpetrosal approach for aneurysms of the lower basilar artery. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.63.6.0857

  69. Khan M, Nishi SE, Hassan SN, Islam MA, Gan SH (2017) Trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome: An update. Pain Res Manag. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7438326

  70. Kim JW, Jung HW, Kim YH, Park CK, Chung HT, Paek SH, Kim DG, Lee SH (2020) Petroclival meningiomas: Long-term outcomes of multimodal treatments and management strategies based on 30 years of experience at a single institution. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2019.2.JNS182604

  71. Klironomos G, Chiluwal A, Dehdashti AR (2019) Staged Approach for Petroclival Meningioma Resection. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 80(Suppl 3):S308–S309

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Koka K, Patel BC (2019) Ptosis Correction. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing

  73. Kollová A, Liščák R, Novotný J, Vladyka V, Šimonová G, Janoušková L (2007) Gamma Knife surgery for benign meningioma. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/JNS-07/08/0325

  74. Koutourousiou M, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Vaz-Guimaraes Filho F, Almeida WJR, EW S, CH G, P.A. (2017) Outcomes of Endonasal and Lateral Approaches to Petroclival Meningiomas. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.001

  75. Krisht AF (2005) Transcavernous approach to diseases of the anterior upper third of the posterior fossa. Neurosurg Focus. https://doi.org/10.3171/foc.2005.19.2.3

  76. Kunii N, Ota T, Kin T, Kamada K, Morita A, Kawahara N, Saito N (2011) Angiographic classification of tumor attachment of meningiomas at the cerebellopontine angle. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2010.09.020

  77. Kusumi M, Fukushima T, Mehta AI, Aliabadi H, Nonaka Y, Friedman AH, Fujii K (2012) Tentorial detachment technique in the combined petrosal approach for petroclival meningiomas: Clinical article. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2011.11.JNS11985

  78. Labuschagne JJ, Chetty D (2019) Glioblastoma multiforme as a secondary malignancy following stereotactic radiosurgery of a meningioma: case report. Neurosurg Focus 46

  79. Lall RR, Lall RR, Smith TR, Lee K-H, Mao Q, Kalapurakal JA, Marymont MH, Chandler JP (2014) Delayed malignant transformation of petroclival meningioma to chondrosarcoma after stereotactic radiosurgery. J Clin Neurosci 21(7):1225–1228

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Lawton MT, Daspit CP, Spetzler RF (1996) Transpetrosal and combination approaches to skull base lesions. Clin Neurosurg 43:91–112

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Lee HS, Kim JH, Lee JI (2012) Glioblastoma following radiosurgery for meningioma. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2012.51.2.98

  82. Lescher S, Samaan T, Berkefeld J (2014) Evaluation of the pontine perforators of the basilar artery using digital subtraction angiography in high resolution and 3D rotation technique. Am J Neuroradiol. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3981

  83. Lesueur P, Calugaru V, Nauraye C (2019) Proton therapy for treatment of intracranial benign tumors in adults: A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.11.004

  84. Li D, Hao SY, Wang L, Tang J, Xiao XR, Jia GJ, Wu Z, Zhang LW, Zhang JT (2015) Recurrent petroclival meningiomas: clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes. Neurosurg Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-014-0575-1

  85. Li D, Hao S-Y, Wang L, Tang J, Xiao X-R, Zhou H, Jia G-J, Wu Z, Zhang L-W, Zhang J-T (2013) Surgical management and outcomes of petroclival meningiomas: a single-center case series of 259 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 155(8):1367–1383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Li P, Mao Y, Zhu W, Zhao N, Zhao Y, Chen L (2010) Surgical strategies for petroclival meningioma in 57 patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 123(20):2865–2873

    Google Scholar 

  87. Li D, Tang J, Ren C, Wu Z, Zhang LW, Zhang JT (2016) Surgical management of medium and large petroclival meningiomas: a single institution’s experience of 199 cases with long-term follow-up. Acta Neurochir. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-015-2671-6

  88. Liao CH, Wang JT, Lin CF, Chen SC, Lin CJ, Hsu SPC, Chen MH (2018) Pretemporal trans-Meckel’s cave transtentorial approach for large petroclival meningiomas. Neurosurg Focus. https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.1.FOCUS17733

  89. Little KM, Friedman AH, Sampson JH, Wanibuchi M, Fukushima T (2005) Surgical management of petroclival meningiomas: Defining resection goals based on risk of neurological morbidity and tumor recurrence rates in 137 patients. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000153906.12640.62

  90. Ma J, Su S, Zhao Y, Chen X, Ma H (2016) Preoperative visualization of cranial nerves in skull base tumor surgery using diffusion tensor imaging technology. Turk Neurosurg 26:805–812

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Maclean J, Fersht N, Short S (2014) Controversies in Radiotherapy for Meningioma. Clin Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2013.10.001

  92. Magill ST, Lee DS, Yen AJ, Lucas CHG, Raleigh DR, Aghi MK, Theodosopoulos PV, MW MD (2019) Surgical outcomes after reoperation for recurrent skull base meningiomas. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.11.JNS172278

  93. Magill ST, Rick JW, Chen WC, Haase DA, Raleigh DR, Aghi MK, Theodosopoulos PV, McDermott MW (2018) Petrous Face Meningiomas: Classification, Clinical Syndromes, and Surgical Outcomes. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.03.194

  94. Martínez-Pérez R, Silveira-Bertazzo G, Rangel GG, Albiña P, Hardesty D, Carrau RL, Prevedello DM (2019) The historical perspective in approaches to the spheno-petro-clival meningiomas. Neurosurg Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-019-01197-y

  95. Masters LT, Nelson PK (1998) Pre-operative angiography and embolisation of petroclival meningiomas. Interv Neuroradiol. https://doi.org/10.1177/159101999800400305

  96. Mastronardi L, Cacciotti G, Caputi F, Roperto R, Tonelli MP, Carpineta E, Fukushima T (2016) Underlay hourglass-shaped autologous pericranium duraplasty in “key-hole” retrosigmoid approach surgery: Technical report. Surg Neurol Int. https://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.178521

  97. Mathiesen T, Gerlich Å, Kihlström L, Svensson M, Bagger-Sjöbäck D (2007) Effects of using combined transpetrosal surgical approaches to treat petroclival meningiomas. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000255476.06247.F1

  98. Mathiesen T, Lindquist C, Kihlström L, Karlsson B (1996) Recurrence of cranial base meningiomas. Neurosurgery 39(1):2–7 discussion 8-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Maurer AJ, Safavi-Abbasi S, Cheema AA, Glenn CA, Sughrue ME (2014) Management of Petroclival Meningiomas: A Review of the Development of Current Therapy. J Neurol Surg, Part B: Skull Base. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1373657

  100. Mayberg MR, Symon L (1986) Meningiomas of the clivus and apical petrous bone: Report of 35 cases. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.65.2.0160

  101. Mc Dermott M (2011) Comment to Two staged approach for surgical removal of petroclival meningiomas with large supratentorial extension. Neurosurg Rev 34:171–179

    Google Scholar 

  102. Meling TR, Da Broi M, Scheie D, Helseth E, Smoll NR (2019) Meningioma Surgery–Are We Making Progress? World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.042

  103. Mizutani K, Toda M, Yoshida K (2016) The Analysis of the Petrosal Vein to Prevent Venous Complications During the Anterior Transpetrosal Approach in the Resection of Petroclival Meningioma. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.06.018

  104. Morisako H, Goto T, Ohata K (2015) Petroclival meningiomas resected via a combined transpetrosal approach: Surgical outcomes in 60 cases and a new scoring system for clinical evaluation. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.8.JNS132406

  105. Muto J, Prevedello DM, Filho LFSD, Tang IP, Oyama K, Kerr EE, Otto BA, Kawase T, Yoshida K, Carrau RL (2016) Comparative analysis of the anterior transpetrosal approach with the endoscopic endonasal approach to the petroclival region. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.8.JNS15302

  106. Nanda A, Javalkar V, Banerjee AD (2011) Petroclival meningiomas: Study on outcomes, complications and recurrence rates - Clinical article. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2010.11.JNS10326

  107. Natarajan SK, Sekhar LN, Schessel D, Morita A (2007) Petroclival meningiomas: Multimodality treatment and outcomes at long-term follow-up. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000255472.52882.D6

  108. Nicosia L, Di PS, Catapano M, Spadarella G, Sammut L, Cannataci C, Resta F, Reganati P (2019) Petroclival meningiomas: Radiological features essential for surgeons. ecancermedicalscience. https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2019.907

  109. Nishimura S, Hakuba A, Jang BJ, Inoue Y (1989) Clivus and apicopetroclivus meningiomas - Report of 24 cases. Neurol Med-Chir. https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.29.1004

  110. Oh H-J, Cho YH, Kim JH, Kim CJ, Kwon DH, Lee D, Yoon K (2020) Hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for large-sized skull base meningiomas. J Neurooncol 149(1):87–93

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Orlev A, Jackson CM, Luksik A, Garzon-Muvdi T, Yang W, Chien W, Harnof S, Tamargo RJ (2020) Natural History of Untreated Transverse/Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis Following Posterior Fossa Surgery. Case Series and Literature Review Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown. https://doi.org/10.1093/ons/opz396

  112. Panigrahi M, Vooturi S, Patibandla MR, Kulkarni D (2015) Novel classification for surgical approach of petroclival meningiomas: A single-surgeon experience. Neurol India. https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.166551

  113. Park CK, Jung HW, Kim JE, Paek SH, Kim DG (2006) The selection of the optimal therapeutic strategy for petroclival meningiomas. Surg Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2005.12.024

  114. Passeri T, Champagne PO, Bernat AL, Hanakita S, Salle H, Mandonnet E, Froelich S (2019) Spontaneous regression of meningiomas after interruption of nomegestrol acetate: a series of three patients. Acta Neurochir. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-019-03848-x

  115. Peyre M, Bozorg-Grayeli A, Rey A, Sterkers O, Kalamarides M (2012) Posterior petrous bone meningiomas: Surgical experience in 53 patients and literature review. Neurosurg Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-011-0333-6

  116. Pintea B, Kandenwein JA, Lorenzen H, Boström JP, Daher F, Velazquez V, Kristof RA (2018) Factors of influence upon the SF-36-based health related quality of life of patients following surgery for petroclival and lateral posterior surface of pyramid meningiomas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.01.016

  117. Pirayesh A, Petrakakis I, Raab P, Polemikos M, Krauss JK, Nakamura M (2016) Petroclival meningiomas: Magnetic resonance imaging factors predict tumor resectability and clinical outcome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.06.002

  118. Pollock BE, Link MJ, Stafford SL, Parney IF, Garces YI, Foote RL (2017) The Risk of Radiation-Induced Tumors or Malignant Transformation After Single-Fraction Intracranial Radiosurgery: Results Based on a 25-Year Experience. Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.01.004

  119. Qiao L, Yu C, Zhang H, Zhang M, Qu Y, Ren M, Gu C, Wang H (2019) Clinical outcomes and survival analysis for petroclival meningioma patients receiving surgical resection: An analysis of 176 cases. Cancer Manag Res. https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S200932

  120. Ramina R, Neto MC, Fernandes YB, Silva EB, Mattei TA, Aguiar PHP (2008) Surgical removal of small petroclival meningiomas. Acta Neurochir. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-007-1403-y

  121. Roche PH, Pellet W, Fuentes S, Thomassin JM, Régis J (2003) Gamma knife radiosurgical management of petroclival meningiomas results and indications. Acta Neurochir. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-003-0123-1

  122. Romani R, Ryan G, Benner C, Pollock J (2018) Non-operative meningiomas: long-term follow-up of 136 patients. Acta Neurochir. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-018-3554-4

  123. Sadik ZHA, Te LS, Leenstra S, Hanssens PEJ (2018) Volumetric changes and clinical outcome for petroclival meningiomas after primary treatment with Gamma Knife radiosurgery. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.7.JNS17380

  124. Samii M, Gerganov V, Giordano M, Samii A (2011) Two step approach for surgical removal of petroclival meningiomas with large supratentorial extension. Neurosurg Rev 34(2):173–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. Samii M, Gerganov V, Giordano M, Samii A (2011) Two step approach for surgical removal of petroclival meningiomas with large supratentorial extension. Neurosurg Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-010-0299-9

  126. Samii M, Tatagiba M (1992) Experience with 36 surgical cases of petroclival meningiomas. Acta Neurochir. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01400723

  127. Samii M, Tatagiba M, Carvalho GA (2000) Retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach to Meckel’s cave and the middle fossa: surgical technique and outcome. J Neurosurg 92(2):235–241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Sassun TE, Ruggeri AG, Delfini R (2016) True Petroclival Meningiomas: Proposal of Classification and Role of the Combined Supra-Infratentorial Presigmoid Retrolabyrinthine Approach. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.08.023

  129. Schipmann S, Suero Molina E, Frasch A, Stummer W, Wiewrodt D (2018) Initial psycho-oncological counselling in neuro-oncology: analysis of topics and needs of brain tumour patients. J Neurooncol 136(3):505–514

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Seifert V (2010) Clinical management of petroclival meningiomas and the eternal quest for preservation of quality of life: Personal experiences over a period of 20 years. Acta Neurochir. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-010-0633-6

  131. Seifert V (2010) Comment to Two staged approach for surgical removal of petroclival meningiomas with large supratentorial extension. Neurosurg Rev 34:171–179

    Google Scholar 

  132. Sekhar LN, Schessel DA, Bucur SD, Raso JL, Wright DC (1999) Partial labyrinthectomy petrous apicectomy approach to neoplastic and vascular lesions of the petroclival area. Neurosurg 44(3):537–550 discussion 550-552

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Sekhar LN, Wright DC, Richardson R, Monacci W (1996) Petroclival and foramen magnum meningiomas: Surgical approaches and pitfalls. J Neuro-Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00165655

  134. Sheehan J, Chun PY, Steiner L (2006) Gamma Knife surgery-induced meningioma: Report of two cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2006.105.2.325

  135. Singh N, Singh D, Ahmad F, Kumar R (2019) The retrosigmoid approach: Workhorse for petroclival meningioma surgery. Asian J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.4103/ajns.ajns_192_18

  136. Singla A, Deshaies EM, Melnyk V, Toshkezi G, Swarnkar A, Choi H, Chin LS (2013) Controversies in the role of preoperative embolization in meningioma management. FOC 35(6):E17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. Spallone A, Konovalov AN, Mukhamedjanov DJ, Rizzo A (1997) Petroclival meningioma. the role of skull base approaches in their surgical management. Skull Base Surgery

  138. Spetzler RF, Daspit CP, Pappas CTE (1992) The combined supra- and infratentorial approach for lesions of the petrous and clival regions: Experience with 46 cases. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1992.76.4.0588

  139. Starke R, Kano H, Ding D et al (2014) Stereotactic radiosurgery of petroclival meningiomas: A multicenter study. J Neuro-Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-014-1470-x

  140. Starnoni D, Daniel RT, Tuleasca C, George M, Levivier M, Messerer M (2018) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the technique of subtotal resection and stereotactic radiosurgery for large vestibular schwannomas: A “nerve-centered” approach. Neurosurg Focus. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.12.FOCUS17669

  141. Subach BR, Dade Lunsford L, Kondziolka D, Maitz AH, Flickinger JC (1998) Management of petroclival meningiomas by stereotactic radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199803000-00001

  142. Sughrue ME, Rutkowski MJ, Aranda D, Barani IJ, McDermott MW, Parsa AT (2010) Treatment decision making based on the published natural history and growth rate of small meningiomas. J Neurosurg 113(5):1036–1042

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Suzuki K, Nagaishi M, Matsumoto Y et al (2017) Preoperative Embolization for Skull Base Meningiomas. J Neurol Surg, Part B: Skull Base. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598195

  144. Tahara A, de Santana PA, Calfat Maldaun MV, Panagopoulos AT, da Silva AN, Zicarelli CA, Pires de Aguiar PH (2009) Petroclival meningiomas: Surgical management and common complications. J Clin Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2008.08.011

  145. Tamhankar MA, Ying GS, Volpe NJ (2011) Success of prisms in the management of diplopia due to fourth nerve palsy. J Neuro-Ophthalmol. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNO.0b013e318211daa9

  146. Tao J, Wang Y, Qiu B, Ou S, Wang Y, Wu P (2014) Selection of surgical approaches based on semi-quantifying the skull-base invasion by petroclival meningiomas: A review of 66 cases. Acta Neurochir. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-014-2084-y

  147. Tatagiba M, Carvalho GA, Samii M (1999) The retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach to the meckel’s cave and the middle fossa: surgical anatomy and applications. Skull Base Surg

  148. Tatagiba M, Rigante L, Mesquita Filho P, Ebner FH, Roser F (2015) Endoscopic-assisted posterior intradural petrous apicectomy in petroclival meningiomas: A clinical series and assessment of perioperative morbidity. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2015.07.033

  149. Tatagiba M, Samii M, Matthies C, Vorkapic P (1996) Management of Petroclival Meningiomas: A Critical Analysis of Surgical Treatment. Acta Neurochir, Supplement 1996(65):92–94

    Google Scholar 

  150. Terasaka S, Asaoka K, Kobayashi H, Yamaguchi S, Sawamura Y (2010) Natural history and surgical results of petroclival meningiomas. Neurol Surg

  151. Van Gompel JJ, Alikhani P, Tabor MH, van Loveren HR, Agazzi S, Froelich S, Youssef AS (2014) Anterior inferior petrosectomy: defining the role of endonasal endoscopic techniques for petrous apex approaches. J Neurosurg 120(6):1321–1325

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Van Havenbergh T, Carvalho G, Tatagiba M et al (2003) Natural history of petroclival meningiomas. Neurosurgery 52(1):55–64

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Watanabe T, Katayama Y, Fukushima T, Kawamata T (2011) Lateral supracerebellar transtentorial approach for petroclival meningiomas: Operative technique and outcome: Clinical article. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2011.2.JNS101759

  154. Wayhs SY, Lepski GA, Frighetto L, Isolan GR (2017) Petroclival meningiomas: Remaining controversies in light of minimally invasive approaches. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.11.021

  155. Xiao X, Zhang L, Wu Z, Zhang J, Jia G, Tang J, Meng G (2013) Surgical resection of large and giant petroclival meningiomas via a modified anterior transpetrous approach. Neurosurg Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-013-0484-8

  156. Yamahata H, Tokimura H, Hirahara K, Ishii T, Mori M, Hanaya R, Arita K (2014) Lateral suboccipital retrosigmoid approach with tentorial incision for petroclival meningiomas: Technical note. J Neurol Surg, Part B: Skull Base. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1373656

  157. Yamakami I, Higuchi Y, Horiguchi K, Saeki N (2011) Treatment policy for petroclival meningioma based on tumor size: Aiming radical removal in small tumors for obtaining cure without morbidity. Neurosurg Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-011-0308-7

  158. Yang J, Fang T, Ma S, Yang S, Qi J, Qi Z, Cun E, Yu C (2011) Large and giant petroclival meningiomas: therapeutic strategy and the choice of microsurgical approaches - report of the experience with 41 cases. Br J Neurosurg 25(1):78–85

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Yao A, Pain M, Balchandani P, Shrivastava RK (2018) Can MRI predict meningioma consistency?: a correlation with tumor pathology and systematic review. Neurosurg Rev 41(3):745–753

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Yaşargil MG, Mortara RW, Curcic M (1980) Meningiomas of Basal Posterior Cranial Fossa. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 7:3–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  161. Zada G, Day JD, Giannotta SL (2008) The extradural temporopolar approach: A review of indications and operative technique. Neurosurg Focus. https://doi.org/10.3171/FOC.2008.25.12.E3

  162. Zamanipoor Najafabadi AH, Peeters MCM, Dirven L, Lobatto DJ, Groen JL, Broekman MLD, Peerdeman SM, Peul WC, Taphoorn MJB, van Furth WR (2017) Impaired health-related quality of life in meningioma patients-a systematic review. Neuro Oncol 19(7):897–907

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Zeng L, Liang P, Jiao J, Chen J, Lei T (2015) Will an Asymptomatic Meningioma Grow or Not Grow? A Meta-analysis. J Neurol Surg, Part A: Central Eur Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1543959

  164. Zentner J, Meyer B, Vieweg U, Herberhold C, Schramm J (1997) Petroclival meningiomas: Is radical resection always the best option? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.62.4.341

  165. Zhao Z, Yuan X, Yuan J, Cai L, Jiang W, Xie Y, Wanggou S (2020) Treatment Strategy for Petroclival Meningiomas Based on a Proposed Classification in a Study of 168 Cases. Sci Rep 10(1):4655

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  166. Zhou QJ, Liu B, Geng DJ, Fu Q, Cheng XJ, Kadeer K, Du GJ, Wang YX, Luan XP (2015) Microsurgery with or without neuroendoscopy in petroclival meningiomas. Turkish Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.8670-13.1

Further Reading

  1. Meling TR, Da Broi M, Scheie D, Helseth E (2019) Meningiomas: skull base versus non-skull base. Neurosurg Rev 42(1):163–173

  2. Meling TR, Da Broi M, Scheie D, Helseth E (2019) Skull base versus non-skull base meningioma surgery in the elderly. Neurosurg Rev 42(4):961–972

  3. Reinert M, Babey M, Curschmann J, Vajtai I, Seiler RW, Mariani L (2006) Morbidity in 201 patients with small sized meningioma treated by microsurgery. Acta Neurochir. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-006-0909-z

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France

    Lorenzo Giammattei, P. di Russo, T. Passeri & S. Froelich

  2. Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Center, University Hospital of Lausanne and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    D. Starnoni, G. Cossu, M. Messerer & R. T. Daniel

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium

    M. Bruneau

  4. Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    T. R. Meling

  5. Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France

    M. Berhouma & E. Jouanneau

  6. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

    J. F. Cornelius

  7. Department of Neurosurgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew’s and The Royal London Hospital, London, UK

    D. Paraskevopoulos

  8. Department of Neurosurgery, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    I. Zazpe

  9. Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Naples Federico II, Napoli, NA, Italy

    L. M. Cavallo

  10. Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Faculty, Military University Hospital and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

    V. Benes

  11. Department of Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    V. Seifert

  12. Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    M. Tatagiba

  13. Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

    H. W. S. Schroeder

  14. Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

    T. Goto & K. Ohata

  15. Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    O. Al-Mefty

  16. Department of Neurosurgery, Carolina Neuroscience Institute, Raleigh, NC, USA

    T. Fukushima

Authors
  1. Lorenzo Giammattei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. di Russo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. Starnoni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. T. Passeri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. Bruneau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. T. R. Meling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. M. Berhouma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. G. Cossu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. J. F. Cornelius
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. D. Paraskevopoulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. I. Zazpe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. E. Jouanneau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. L. M. Cavallo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. V. Benes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. V. Seifert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. M. Tatagiba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. H. W. S. Schroeder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. T. Goto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. K. Ohata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  20. O. Al-Mefty
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  21. T. Fukushima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  22. M. Messerer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  23. R. T. Daniel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  24. S. Froelich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lorenzo Giammattei.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the local Ethical Committee (Geneva Ethics Committee Board no. 11-233R, NAC 11-085R) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

For this retrospective type of study formal consent is not required.

Conflict of interest

All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers' bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements) or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Brain Tumors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Giammattei, L., di Russo, P., Starnoni, D. et al. Petroclival meningiomas: update of current treatment and consensus by the EANS skull base section. Acta Neurochir 163, 1639–1663 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-021-04798-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-021-04798-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation