Microchimica Acta

, Volume 184, Issue 4, pp 1117–1125 | Cite as

Dually emissive P,N-co-doped carbon dots for fluorescent and photoacoustic tissue imaging in living mice

Original Paper
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Accepted:

Abstract

Hydrothermal treatment of a mixture of ethylene diamine, phosphoric acid and citric acid under ambient pressure generates fluorescent carbon dots that are co-doped with phosphorus and nitrogen. These have features such as (a) both green fluorescence (peaking at 430 nm; 30% quantum yield) and red fluorescence (peaking at 500 nm, quantum yield 78%), (b) wavelength-dependent emission peaks, and (c) insensitivity to changes of pH values, dot concentration and ionic strength. The C-dots are useful for both fluorescent (FL) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging of living tissue. PA imaging warrants better spatial resolution and allows deeper tissues to be imaged compared to most optical imaging techniques. It is essential to assign a photoacoustic contrast agent as most of the diseases do not show a natural photoacoustic contrast in their early stage. The dually emitting C-dots are shown to be a useful contrast agent for PA and FL imaging of mice tumors. Intravenous administration of the C-dots resulted in strong signals in both PA and FL imaging.

Graphical abstract

Photographs of the excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence of P,N-doped C-dots obtained from ethylenediamine, phosphoric acid and citric acid. Intravenous administration of the C-dots resulted in strong signals in both photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescent (FL) imaging.

Keywords

Carbon quantum dots Dual emission Quantum yield Wavelength-dependent emission Toxicity Mouse tumor Cancer diagnosis 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

TKM and NP would like to thank SERB, DST, (Project File no- SR/FT/LS-76/2012) and DBT Government of India for providing financial support respectively. Also thanks to “TWAS Programme” for financial support.

Compliance with ethical standards

All animal experiments reported herein were performed according to a protocol approved by the Peking University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Supplementary material

604_2017_2108_MOESM1_ESM.docx (1.8 mb)
ESM 1 (DOCX 1.78 mb)

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Wien 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China
  2. 2.Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
  3. 3.Department of BiotechnologyIndian Institute of TechnologyRoorkeeIndia

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