Microchimica Acta

, Volume 158, Issue 3–4, pp 227–231 | Cite as

Speciation analysis of chromium in natural water samples by electrothermal atomic absorbance spectrometry after separation/preconcentration with nanometer-sized zirconium oxide immobilized on silica gel

Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract.

Silica gel was prepared by the sol–gel method, modified with nanometer-sized zirconium oxide, and this material was characterized by X-ray diffraction. A micro-column packed with silica gel modified with nanometer zirconium oxide as sorbent has been developed for the quantitative separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of chromium(III) prior to their determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Total chromium was determined after the reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) by 10% (m/v) of aqueous ascorbic acid as reducing reagent. The adsorption capacity for chromium(III) was found to be 2.36 mg g−1. The detection limit for chromium(III) was 15 ng L−1 with an enrichment factor of 100. The relative standard deviation was 3.2% (n = 7, c = 2.0 ng mL−1).

Key words: Chromium; speciation; immobilized nanometer zirconium oxide; ETAAS; water. 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Florence, T M 1982The speciation of trace elements in watersTalanta29345CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Zhitkovich, A 2005Importance of chromium-DNA adducts in mutagenicity and toxicity of chromium(VI)Chem Res Toxicol183PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Anderson, R A 1986Chromium metabolism and its role in disease processes in manClin Physiol Biochem431PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Krishna, P G, Gladis, J M, Rambabu, U, Raob, T P, Naidu, G R K 2004Preconcentrative separation of chromium(VI) species from chromium(III) by coprecipitation of its ethyl xanthate complex onto naphthaleneTalanta63541CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Subramanian, K S 1988Determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by ammonium pyrrolidinecarbodithioate methyl isobutyl ketone furnace atomic absorption spectrometryAnal Chem6011PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Karosi, R, Andruch, V, Posta, J, Balogh, J 2006Separation of chromium(VI) using complexation and its determination with GFAASMicrochem J8261CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Ball, J W, McCleskey, R B 2003A new cation-exchange method for accurate field speciation of hexavalent chromiumTalanta61305CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Zhu, X S, Hu, B, Jiang, Z C, Li, M F 2005Cloud point extraction for speciation of chromium in water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometryWater Res39589PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Tang, A N, Jiang, D Q, Jiang, Y, Wang, S W, Yan, X P 2004Cloud point extraction for high-performance liquid chromatographic speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solutionsJ Chromatogr A1036183PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Borai, E H, El-Sofany, E A, Abdel-Halim, A S 2002Speciation of hexavalent chromium in atmospheric particulate samples by selective extraction and ion chromatographic determinationTrends Anal Chem21741CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Gil, R A, Cerutti, S, G’asquez, J A, Olsina, R A, Martinez, L D 2006Preconcentration and speciation of chromium in drinking water samples by coupling of on-line sorption on activated carbon to ETAAS determinationTalanta681065CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Maltez, H F, Carasek, E 2005Chromium speciation and preconcentration using zirconium(IV) and zirconium(IV) phosphate chemically immobilized onto silica gel surface using a flow system and FAASTalanta65537CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Demirata, B 2001Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by means of melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin and FAASMicrochim Acta136143CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Marque’s, M J, Morales-Rubio, A, Salvador, A, de la Guardia, M 2001Chromium speciation using activated alumina microcolumns and sequential injection analysis-flame atomic absorption spectrometryTalanta531229CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Liang, P, Shi, T Q, Lu, H B, Jiang, Z C, Hu, B 2003Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by nanometer titanium dioxide micro-column and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometrySpectrochimica Acta, Part B581709CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Vassileva, E, Furuta, N 2001Application of high-surface-area ZrO2 in preconcentration and determination of 18 elements by on-line flow injection with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometryFresenius J Anal Chem37052PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Vassileva, E, Varimezova, B, Hadjiivanov, K 1996Column solid-phase extraction of heavy metal ions on a high surface area CeO2 as a preconcentration method for trace determinationAnal Chim Acta336141CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Vassileva, E, Hadjiivanov, K, Stoychev, T, Daiev, C 2000Chromium speciation analysis by solid-phase extraction on a high surface area TiO2 Analyst125693CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Liang, P, Qin, Y C, Hu, B, Peng, T Y, Jiang, Z C 2001Nanometer-size titanium dioxide microcolumn on-line preconcentration of trace metals and their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in waterAnal Chim Acta440207CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Liu, Y, Liang, P, Guo, L 2005Nanometer titanium dioxide immobilized on silica gel as sorbent for preconcentration of metal ions prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometryTalanta6825CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. JCPDS No. 14-0534 (1988) The international center for diffraction date. Philadelphia, PAGoogle Scholar
  22. Fang, G Z, Jin, T, Yan, X P 2005An ion-imprinted functionalized silica gel sorbent prepared by a surface imprinting technique solid-phase extraction of cadmium(II)Anal Chem771734PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2006

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of ChemistryShanxi Normal UniversityLinfenPR China

Personalised recommendations