Abstract
After rock burst and spontaneous combustion, a coal seam is exposed, and this form of compound disaster shows new characteristics. Therefore, basic research on oxidized coal is important to the theoretical research and prevention of compound disasters. Based on temperature-programmed and mechanical experiments and the first law of thermodynamics, as the degree of the oxidation of coal increases, the volume expands slightly and then shrinks, and the mass, density and wave speed decrease. Raw coal and 70 ℃ oxidized coal have a strong impact, 135 ℃ oxidized coal and 200 ℃ oxidized coal have a weak periodic impact, and 265 ℃ oxidized coal has no impact. Additionally, wave velocity is positively correlated with compressive strength and the elastic strain energy index but is negatively correlated with the dynamic fracture duration. Compressive strength is positively correlated with the elastic strain energy index and negatively correlated with the dynamic fracture duration. As the degree of oxidation increases, the post-peak dissipated energy release of coal changes from linear to stepped, and its release intensity basically corresponds to the results of bursting liability. Finally, high stress is likely to cause coal fractures to develop, thereby inducing the spontaneous combustion of coal. Spontaneous coal combustion further weakens the bursting liability of coal, but the danger of rock burst increases significantly.
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Abbreviations
- V p :
-
Longitudinal wave velocity
- L :
-
Height of the test coal sample
- T :
-
Propagation time of the longitudinal wave in the coal sample
- a :
-
Mass loss rate
- b :
-
Volume expansion rate
- c :
-
Density reduction rate
- d :
-
Wave velocity change rate
- m 0, m 1 :
-
Mass of the coal sample before and after oxidation, respectively
- V 0, V 1 :
-
Volume of the coal sample before and after oxidation, respectively
- v 0, v 1 :
-
Wave velocity of the coal sample before and after oxidation, respectively
- K E :
-
Burst energy index
- W ET :
-
Elastic strain energy index
- DT:
-
Duration of dynamic fracture
- W :
-
Total energy of the test machine on the experimental coal body
- W d :
-
Dissipation energy in the coal body
- W e :
-
Elastic energy in the coal body
- R c :
-
Uniaxial compressive strength
- W 1 :
-
Total strain energy accumulated before the peak value
- W 2 :
-
Strain energy dissipated after the peak value
- W 3 :
-
Elastic strain energy accumulated when loading to 70–80% of the compressive strength
- W 4 :
-
Plastic strain energy when loading to 70–80% of the compressive strength
- E’:
-
Unloading elastic modulus
- E :
-
Elastic modulus
- μ :
-
Poisson’s ratio
- σ 1 :
-
Vertical stress
- σ 2, σ 3 :
-
Horizontal stress
- σ i :
-
The stress at each point on the stress–strain curve
- ε i :
-
The strain value at each point on the stress
- ε c :
-
Peak strain
- E j :
-
Energy accumulated under a static load of coal seam
- E c :
-
Energy of coal destruction
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Acknowledgements
This work was carried out with funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51674103, 51304070, 51574111), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(202300410175) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020T130173). The authors wish to thank these organizations for the support that they provided. They also wish to thank their reviewers and editors for their constructive comments and suggestions in improving the manuscript.
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Appendix A
Appendix A
Comprehensive evaluation results of bursting liability.
A. 1 See Appendix Table 6 for comprehensive evaluation results of impact tendency. Comprehensive evaluation results in the Table: 1 is strong impact; 2 is weak periodic impact; 3 is non-impact.
A. 2 There are 8 situations that are difficult to make comprehensive judgments, which are marked with “*” in the “comprehensive evaluation results” column in the table. When such test results appear, it is recommended to use the method of comparing each test value with the adjacent delimitation value of the category of the index to comprehensively judge the bursting liability.
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Pan, R., Ma, Z., Yu, M. et al. An Investigation on the Bursting Liability of Oxidized Coal and the Coupling Mechanism of Rock Burst and Spontaneous Combustion. Rock Mech Rock Eng 55, 317–340 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02649-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02649-y