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A New Method to Assess Coal Burst Risks Using Dynamic and Static Loading Analysis

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Abstract

Mining-induced seismicity is one of the dynamic energy sources that can trigger coal burst. This paper presents a new methodology to assess coal burst risks under different loading conditions by examining seismic energy attenuation and fracture size. Two new indices are proposed: (1) Dynamic Load Index (DLI) quantifies the magnitude of dynamic loading induced by seismic events, based on the relationships between the seismic energy, peak particle velocity and dynamic stress; (2) dynamic–static loading assessment index, \(I_{\text{PD}}\), links the DLI with passive velocity tomography (PVT) to assess the coal burst risks in a longwall panel under dynamic and static loading. A total of 3080 seismic records were examined to validate \(I_{\text{PD}}\) in a typical burst-prone longwall panel in China. Based on the rate of occurrence of high-magnitude seismic events, \(I_{\text{PD}}\) thresholds were determined to identify low-, medium- and high-risk coal burst zones. Using this new zoning approach, coal burst risks were assessed in the same longwall panel while mining through a fault structure. The proposed risk classes correlated well with the recorded high-magnitude seismic events with energies over 10 kJ. The analysis indicated that 69% of the high-magnitude events occurred in the high-risk zones, where \(I_{\text{PD}}\) was between 0.35 and 1; and 31% of the events occurred in the medium-risk zones, where \(I_{\text{PD}}\) was between 0.2 and 0.35.

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Abbreviations

\(\rho\) :

Rock density

v :

Particle vibration velocity

G :

Shear modulus

\(\lambda\) :

Elastic modulus

E :

Seismic energy

\(f\) :

Wave frequency

m :

Particle mass

\(r\) :

Hypocentral distance

\(d\) :

Distance between seismic event and sensor

A :

Wave amplitude

c :

Wave velocity

L :

Ray length of seismic wave

\(r_{0}\) :

Fracture radius of seismic events

\(E_{\text{P}}\), \(E_{\text{S}}\) :

P-wave and S-wave energy

\(\Delta \sigma^{d}\) :

Dynamic stress

\(\Delta \tau\) :

Shear stress drop

\(\Delta \sigma\) :

Tensile stress drop

\(W_{\text{s}}\), \(W_{\text{t}}\) :

Released strain energy by seismic event with shear and tensile fracture

\(c_{\text{p}}\), \(c_{\text{s}}\) :

Wave velocity of P-wave and S-wave

\(Q_{\text{p}}\), \(Q_{\text{s}}\) :

Quality factor for P-wave and S-wave

\(d_{\text{s}}\), \(d_{\text{t}}\) :

Average displacement induced by shear slide and tensile fracture

\(\sigma_{1}\), \(\sigma_{3}\) :

Maximum and minimum principal stress

\(\sigma_{\text{v}}\) :

Vertical stress

\(w_{1}\), \(w_{2}\) :

Weighting factors for the static loading and the dynamic loading in \(I_{\text{PD}}\)

T :

Travel time

\(S(x,y,z)\) :

Slowness

\({\text{DSS}}\) :

Dynamic stress status

\({\text{PVT}}\) :

Passive velocity tomography

\(I_{\text{PD}}\) :

Dynamic–static loading assessment index

\({\text{VA}}\) :

Velocity anomaly

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Acknowledgements

The work is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2017XKQY046) and the Project of PAPD funded by the Priority Academic Programme Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Instruction (SZBF2011-6-B35).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Changbin Wang, Chengguo Zhang & Ismet Canbulat

  2. Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining, Ministry of Education of China, University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China

    Anye Cao

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  1. Changbin Wang
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  2. Anye Cao
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Correspondence to Anye Cao.

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Wang, C., Cao, A., Zhang, C. et al. A New Method to Assess Coal Burst Risks Using Dynamic and Static Loading Analysis. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53, 1113–1128 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01968-5

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