Fracture Toughness Effects in Geomaterial Solid Particle Erosion
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Abstract
Effects of fracture toughness on the impingement of geomaterials (rocks and cementitious composites) by quartz particles at velocities between 40 and 140 m/s are investigated experimentally and analytically. If schist is excluded, relative erosion (in g/g) reduces according to a reverse power function if fracture toughness increases. The power exponent depends on impingement velocity, and it varies between −0.64 and −1.33. Lateral cracking erosion models, developed for brittle materials, deliver too high values for relative material erosion. This discrepancy is partly attributed to stress rate effects. Effects of R-curve behavior seem to be marginal. An integral approach E R = K 1 · E R P + (1 − K 1) · E R L is introduced, which considers erosion due to plastic deformation and lateral cracking. A transition function \(K_{1} = f\left( {K_{\text{Ic}}^{12/4} /\sigma_{\text{C}}^{23/4} } \right)\) is suggested in order to classify geomaterials according to their response against solid particle impingement.
Keywords
Erosion Fracture toughness Geomaterials ImpactList of symbols
- b
Distribution shape parameter
- c
Crack length
- cI
Material parameter
- D
Fracture toughness exponent
- dP
Erodent particle diameter
- EK
Kinetic energy erodent particle
- EM
Young’s modulus target material
- EP
Young’s modulus erodent material
- ER
Relative erosion
- HM
Hardness target material
- k
Elastic parameter
- K1
Erosion parameter
- KIc
Fracture toughness target material
- m
R-curve parameter
- MM
Eroded target mass
- MP
Erodent particle mass
- \(\dot{M}_{\text{P}}\)
Erodent mass flow rate
- n
Stress rate parameter
- PC
Contact force
- rB
Contact radius
- rP
Particle radius
- tE
Exposure time
- tP
Contact time
- vP
Erodent particle velocity
- β
Indenter angle
- χ
Transition parameter
- ΓIc
Critical energy release rate
- λ
Distribution scale parameter
- νM
Poisson’s ratio target material
- νP
Poisson’s ratio erodent material
- ρP
Density erodent material
- ρM
Density target material
- \(\dot{\sigma }\)
Stress rate
- σC
Compressive strength target material
- σP
Contact stress
- σY
Yield stress
Notes
Acknowledgments
The author is thankful to the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Bonn, Germany, for providing an Exchange Lecturer Fellowship for a stay at the University of Cambridge, UK. Special thanks is addressed to the Fracture Group, Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Cavendish Laboratory, for its kind hospitality and the permission to use experimental facilities.
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