Comparative Clinical Pathology

, Volume 16, Issue 4, pp 265–270 | Cite as

Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase as a good indicator of bone formation in sheepdogs

  • A. R. Mohamadnia
  • H. R. Shahbazkia
  • S. Sharifi
  • I. Shafaei
Original Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Eight clinically healthy male sheepdogs were selected and subjected to experimental radius transaction. Blood samples were taken before and weekly after surgery, and radiographs were taken immediately and weekly after surgery to trace new bone formation. Total protein, total ALP, and bone-specific ALP were measured in serum samples. There was no significant difference in total proteins, but total ALP and bone ALP activity were significantly increased (P < 0.05) after surgery (during bone formation).We found a weak correlation between total ALP activity and BALP activity during the study. The bridging callus was completed in the fourth week of the experiment, and the gap was fully filled with new bone. However, increased levels of total ALP and bone-specific ALP activity were maintained throughout the study and did not reduce at 4 weeks. We concluded that serum activity of bone-specific ALP is a good indicator of bone formation in sheepdogs, and when radiographs inform the completion of bone fracture healing, cellular activity in the healing region is likely to be continuing.

Keywords

Bone Iranian sheepdogs Bone-specific ALP 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgment

This work was financially supported and supervised by grant no. 122/889 of the Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

References

  1. Allen MJ (2003) Biochemical markers of bone metabolism in animals: Uses and limitations. Vet Clin Pathol 32:101–113PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Allen MJ, Hoffmann WE, Richardson DC, Breur GJ (1998) Serum markers of bone metabolism in dogs. Am J Vet Res 59:250–254PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Allen LC, Allen MJ, Breur GJ, Hoffmann WE, Richardson DC (2000a) A comparison of two techniques for the determination of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity in dogs. Res Vet Sci 68:231–235PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Allen MJ, Allen LC, Hoffman WE, Richardson DC, Breur G (2000b) Urinary markers of type I collagen degradation in the dog. Res Vet Sci 69:123–127PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Amacher DE, Higgins CV, Schomaker SJ, Clay RJ (1989) Further characterization of serum alkaline phosphatase from male and female beagle dogs. Enzyme 42:1–7PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Bolger JT (1975) Heterotrophic bone formation and alkaline phosphatase. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 56:36–39PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Breur GJ, Allen MJ, Carlson SJ, Richardson DC (2004) Markers of bone metabolism in dog breeds of different size. Res Vet Sci 76:53–55PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Calvo MS, Eyre DR, Gundberg CM (1996) Molecular basis and clinical application of biological markers of bone turnover. Endocr Rev 17:333–368PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Christgau S, Jensen BO, Bjarnason HN, Henriksen GE, Qvist P, Alexandersen P, Henriksen BD (2000) Serum CrossLaps for monitoring the response in individuals undergoing antiresorptive therapy. Bone 26:505–511PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Crofton PM (1982) Biochemistry of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 16:161–194PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. DeLaurier A, Jackson B, Ingham K, Pfeiffer D, Horton MA, Price JS (2002) Biochemical markers of bone turnover in the domestic Cat: Relationships with age and feline osteoclastic resorptive lesions. J Nutr 132:1742S–1744SPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. DeLaurier A, Jackson B, Pfeiffer D, Ingham K, Norton MA, Price JS (2004) A comparison of methods for measuring serum and urinary markers of bone metabolism in cats. Res Vet Sci 77:29–39PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Dziedziejko V, Safranow K, Zÿyaka DS, Mokrzynska AM, Millo B, Machoya Z, Chlubeka D (2005) Comparison of rat and human alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and isoforms using HPLC and electrophoresis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1752:26–33PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Ehrhart N, Dernell WS, Hoffmann WE, Weigel RM, Powers BE, Withrow SJ (1998) Prognostic importance of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum from dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma: 75 cases (1990–1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 213:1002–1006PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Fox DB, Cook JL (2001) Synovial fluid markers of osteoarthritis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:756–761PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Francis DA, Millis DL (2002) Trends observed in bone metabolism markers from dogs following radial ostectomy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2:A5Google Scholar
  17. Gallager JC, Kinyamu HK, Fowler SE, Hughes DB, Dalsky GP, Sherman SS (1998) Calcitrophic hormones and bone markers in the elderly. J Bone Miner Res 13:475–482CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Garzoto CK, Berg J, Hoffman WE, Rand WM (2000) Prognostic significance of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Vet Intern Med 14:587–592CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Goldstein DG, Rogers CE, Harris H (1980) Expression of alkaline phosphatase loci in mammalian tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:2857–2860PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Henthorn PS (1996) Alkaline phosphatase. In: Bilezikian JP, Raisz LG, Rodan GA (eds) Principles of bone biology, 1st edn. Academic, San Diego, CA, pp 197–206Google Scholar
  21. Hotchkiss CE, Brommage R (2000) Changes in bone turnover during the menstrual cycle in cynomolgus monkeys. Calcif Tissue Int 66:224–228PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Jackson B, Eastell R, Russell RG, Lanyon LE, Price JS (1996) Measurement of bone specific alkaline phosphatase in the horse: a comparison of two techniques. Res Vet Sci 61:160–164PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Johnson KA, Watson ADJ (2000) Skeletal diseases. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC (eds) Textbook of veterinary internal medicine. Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 5th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp 1887–1916Google Scholar
  24. Kidney BA, Jackson ML (1988) Diagnostic value of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme separation by affinity electrophoresis in the dog. Can J Vet Res 52:106–110PubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Komnenou A, Karayannopoulou M, Polizopoulou ZS, Constantinidis TC, Dessiris A (2005) Correlation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity with the healing process of long bone fractures in dogs. Vet Clin Path 34:35–38CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Ladlow JF, Hoffmann WE, Breur GJ, Richardson DC, Allen MJ (2002) Biological variability in serum and urinary indices of bone formation and resorption in dogs. Calcif Tissue Int 70:186–193PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Lammens J, Lui Z, Aerssens J, Dequeker J, Fabry G (1998) Distraction bone healing versus osteotomy healing: a comparative biochemical analysis. J Bone Miner Res 13:279–286PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Lepage OM, DesCotaux L, Marcoux M, Tremblay A (1991) Circadian rhythms of osteocalcin in equine serum Correlation with alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphate and total protein levels. Can J Vet Res 55:5–10PubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Liesegang A, Reutter R, Sassi ML (1999) Diurnal variation in concentrations of various markers of bone metabolism in dogs. Am J Vet Res 60:949–953PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Magnusson P, Lofman O, Larsson L (1992) Determination of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column reaction detection. J Chromatogr 576:79–86PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Nestor DD, Holan KM, Johnson CA, Schall W, Kaneene JB (2006) Serum alkaline phosphatase activity in Scottish Terriers versus dogs of other breeds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 228:222–224PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Paskalev M, Krastev S, Filipov J (2005) Changes in some serum bone markers after experimental fracture and intramedullary osteosynthesis in dogs. Trakia J Sci 3:46–50Google Scholar
  33. Philipov JP, Pascalev MD, Aminkov BY, Grosev CD (1995) Changes in serum carboxyterminal telopeptide of Type I Collagen in an experimental model of canine osteomyelitis. Calcif Tissue Int 57:152–154PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Price CP (1993) Multiple forms of human serum alkaline phosphatase: detection and quantitation. Ann Clin Biochem 30:355–372PubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. Price JS, Jackson B, Eastel R (1995a) Age related changes in biochemical markers of bone metabolism in horses. Equine Vet J 27:201–207PubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Price JS, Jackson B, Eastell R, Goodship AE, Blumsohn A, Wright I, Stonham S, Lanyon LE, Russell RGG (1995b) Age related changes in biochemical markers of bone metabolism in horses. Equine Vet J 27:201–207PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. Sabellek WM (1988) Alkaline phosphatase laboratory and clinical implications. J Chromatogr 429:419–444CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Saini PK, Saini SK (1978) Origin of serum alkaline phosphatase in the dog. Am J Vet Res 39:1510–1513PubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. Sanecki RK, Hoffmann WE, Gelberg HB, Dorner JL (1987) Subcellular location of corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase in canine hepatocytes. Vet Pathol 24:296–301PubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Sanecki RK, Hoffmann WE, Dorner JL, Kuhlenschmidt MS (1990) Purification and comparison of corticosteroid-induced and intestinal isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in dogs. Am J Vet Res 51:1964–1968PubMedGoogle Scholar
  41. Sanecki RK, Hoffmann WE, Hansen R, Schaeffer DJ (1993) Quantification of bone alkaline phosphatase in canine serum. Vet Clin Pathol 22:17–23PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Souberbielle JC, Cormier C, Kindermans C (1999) Bone markers of clinical practice. Curr Opin Rheumatol 11:312–319PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Syakalima M, Takiguchi M, Yasuda J, Hashimoto A (1997) The age dependent levels of serum ALP isoenzymes and the diagnostic significance of corticosteroid-induced ALP during long-term glucocorticoid treatment. J Vet Med Sci 59:905–909PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Watts NB (1999) Clinical utility of biochemical markers of bone remodeling. Clin Chem 45:1359–1368PubMedGoogle Scholar
  45. Weisbrode SE (1995) Function, structure, and healing of the musculoskeletal system. In: Olmstead ML (ed) Small animal orthopedics. Mosby, St. Louis, MO, pp 27–55Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007

Authors and Affiliations

  • A. R. Mohamadnia
    • 1
  • H. R. Shahbazkia
    • 2
  • S. Sharifi
    • 1
  • I. Shafaei
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineShahrekord UniversityShahrekordIran
  2. 2.Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran

Personalised recommendations