Comparative Clinical Pathology

, Volume 14, Issue 2, pp 99–104 | Cite as

Vitamin combinations reduce oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status in patients with iron deficiency anemia

  • Veselina Gadjeva
  • Desislava Kuchukova
  • Radostina Georgieva
Original Article
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Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether oxidative stress occurs at the clinical onset of iron deficiency anemia and to find the influence of iron therapy and antioxidant vitamins on the oxidative stress parameters. A comparison was made with two other categories of anaemia, pernicious anaemia and haemolytic anaemia that are not characterized with iron deficiency. Oxidative stress was measured through the level of plasma lipid peroxidation (MDA) and the activities of ceruloplasmin (CP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); important extracellular and intracellular antioxidants. Significantly increased lipid peroxidation was demonstrated in the plasma of patients with iron deficiency anemia (P=0.005). While the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme GSH-Px remained unaltered, SOD was significantly decreased (P <0.05), CAT and plasma CP were significantly increased (P <0.001). Repletion of iron deficient patients with iron promotes oxidative stress: MDA was found to remain high, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px remained lower and CAT remained very high as before iron treatment. When iron deficient patients were treated with iron along with the antioxidant vitamins A, E and C, the oxidative stress was reduced and the activity of SOD was normalized. The combination of Vitamins A+E and Vitamin C is more effective than Vitamin C in reversing antioxidant status. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that increased oxidative stress is present in patients with iron deficiency anemia which appears to be compromised by imbalance in antioxidant defense systems. The repletion of iron deficient patients with iron promotes the oxidative stress. Patients with iron deficiency anemia after iron treatment actually are at risk of oxidative injury. Iron in the presence of the antioxidant vitamins A+E and ascorbic acid reduced the oxidative stress.

Keywords

Oxidative stress Iron deficiency anemia Lipid peroxidation Superoxide dismutase Catalase Ceruloplasmin Antioxidant vitamins 
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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2005

Authors and Affiliations

  • Veselina Gadjeva
    • 1
  • Desislava Kuchukova
    • 1
  • Radostina Georgieva
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMedical FacultyStara ZagoraBulgaria
  2. 2.Clinic of Internal MedicineDistrict HospitalStara ZagoraBulgaria

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