International Journal of Earth Sciences

, Volume 105, Issue 3, pp 771–795 | Cite as

The end-Cretaceous in the southwestern Tethys (Elles, Tunisia): orbital calibration of paleoenvironmental events before the mass extinction

  • Nicolas Thibault
  • Bruno Galbrun
  • Silvia Gardin
  • Fabrice Minoletti
  • Laurence Le Callonnec
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

An integrated study of magnetic mass susceptibility (MS), bulk stable isotopes and calcareous nannofossil paleoecological changes is undertaken on the late Maastrichtian of the Elles section, Tunisia, spanning the last ca. 1 Myr of the Cretaceous. A cyclostratigraphic analysis reveals the presence of Milankovitch frequencies and is used for proposal of two distinct orbital age models and to provide ages of important stratigraphic horizons, relative to the age of the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–PgB). Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the nannofossil assemblage reveal two main factors, PCA1, mostly representing fluctuations of D. rotatorius, P. stoveri, Lithraphidites spp., Retecapsa spp., Staurolithites spp., Micula spp., and PCA2, mostly representing fluctuations of A. regularis, C. ehrenbergii, Micula spp., Rhagodiscus spp., W. barnesiae and Zeugrhabdotus spp. Variations in PCA1 and PCA2 match changes in bulk δ13C and δ18O, respectively, and suggest changes in surface-water fertility and temperatures and associated stress. The variations in abundances of high-latitude taxa and the warm-water species Micula murus and in bulk δ18O delineate fast changes in sea-surface paleotemperatures. As in many other sites, an end-Maastrichtian greenhouse warming is highlighted, followed by a short cooling and an additional warm pulse in the last 30 kyr of the Maastrichtian which has rarely been documented so far. Orbital tuning of the delineated climatic events is proposed following the two different age models. Calcareous nannofossil assemblages highlight a decrease in surface-water nutriency, but their species richness remains high through the latest Maastrichtian, indicating, in Tunisia, a weak impact of Deccan volcanism on calcareous nannoplankton diversity before the mass extinction.

Keywords

Late Maastrichtian Cyclostratigraphy Calcareous nannofossils Paleoecology Stable isotopes 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

Funding for this study was provided by Eclipse II Program and the Carlsberg Foundation. Warmly thanks to Chokri Yaich and Habib Bensalem for guidance in the field. We are grateful to Thierry Adatte and Christian Linnert for critical review, helpful suggestions and discussions of the manuscript.

Supplementary material

531_2015_1192_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx (49 kb)
Supplementary material 1 (XLSX 48 kb)

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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.IGNUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
  2. 2.Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris (ISTeP), UMR 7193, UPMC Univ Paris 06Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
  3. 3.Centre de Recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements, UMR 7072, UPMC Univ Paris 06Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance

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