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The Early Palaeozoic high-grade metamorphism at the active continental margin of West Gondwana in the Andes (NW Argentina/N Chile)

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Abstract

The evolution of the Early Palaeozoic orogen of West Gondwana in the Cambrian to Ordovician basement of the Andes between ~18° and 32° S is investigated for pressure and temperature conditions and age of metamorphism. It is characterized by mid-crust temperatures commonly above the wet granite solidus (~650°C). Widespread felsic migmatite and rare granulite formed at pressures of ca 0.5–0.7 GPa, locally 1.0 GPa. These rocks represent the deepest exhumed sections of the Early Palaeozoic crust. High pressure–low temperature rocks are absent. The crystallization ages, compiled from the literature in combination with new data, for near peak metamorphic conditions of these high-grade metamorphic rocks in NW Argentina and N Chile are ~530–500 Ma and ~470–420 Ma. Both age groups are spatially overlapping. Radiogenic isotope signatures (Sr, Nd, Pb) are used to characterize the Early Palaeozoic basement. The Pb and Sr isotope compositions of the Early Palaeozoic basement indicate mixing arrays between pre-Palaeozoic unradiogenic and radiogenic crust. Crustal residence ages (Sm–Nd TDM) indicate a prominent event of crust formation around ~2 Ga, which is known continent-wide. This material was recycled during Midproterozoic and Early Palaeozoic orogenies without prominent additions of new crust present in the isotope record, i.e. accretion of compositional exotic material is absent.

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Acknowledgments

We thank F. Galbert (TU-Berlin), O. Appelt and D. Rhede (Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum) for help with the electron microprobes; M. Lewerenz (TU-Berlin) for the XRF analyses; P. Dulski and B. Zander for ICP- MS analyses and C. Schulz for help with the sample preparation for TIMS (all at Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum); R. L. Romer for providing advice during the U–Pb data acquisition and critical reading of the manuscript. Reviews of C. Augustsson and V. Ramos improved the manuscript. The study was funded by the German Research foundation (DFG) in the frame of SFB 267 “Deformation Processes in the Andes”, a DAAD travel grant to F. L., a DAAD grant and CONICET PIP 6103 to R. B., who also thanks FONCYT–PICT 07-38131 and CIUNSa for support.

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  1. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Friedrich Lucassen

  2. Technische Universität Berlin, Fachgebiet Petrologie, Ackerstr. 71–76, 13355, Berlin, Germany

    Friedrich Lucassen & Gerhard Franz

  3. Universidad Nacional de Salta-Instituto GEONORTE and CONICET-INENCO, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta, 4400, Argentina

    Raúl Becchio

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  1. Friedrich Lucassen
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  2. Raúl Becchio
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  3. Gerhard Franz
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Correspondence to Friedrich Lucassen.

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Lucassen, F., Becchio, R. & Franz, G. The Early Palaeozoic high-grade metamorphism at the active continental margin of West Gondwana in the Andes (NW Argentina/N Chile). Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 100, 445–463 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-010-0585-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-010-0585-3

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