Neural Computing and Applications

May 2013, Volume 22, Issue 6, pp 1257–1257 | Cite as

RETRACTED ARTICLE: A hierarchical learning architecture with multiple-goal representations and multiple timescale based on approximate dynamic programming

• Authors
• Authors and affiliations

• Bo Liu
• Shuai LiEmail author
• Yuesheng Lou
• Sanfeng Chen
• Yongsheng Liang

Original Article

First Online: 15 February 2012

Received: 26 November 2011

Accepted: 24 January 2012

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Keywords

Image Processing Artificial Intelligence Computer Vision Data Mining Dynamic Programming 

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This paper has been retracted with the agreement of the authors and the Editor-in-Chief due to concerns over incorrect references and unacknowledged authorship.

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012

Authors and Affiliations

• Bo Liu
  • 1
• Shuai Li
  • 2
  Email author
• Yuesheng Lou
  • 3
• Sanfeng Chen
  • 3
• Yongsheng Liang
  • 3

1. 1.Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstUSA
2. 2.Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringStevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenUSA
3. 3.Department of AutomationUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina