Changes in physical functioning and muscle strength in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a controlled comparison
- 401 Downloads
- 5 Citations
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to examine changes in muscle strength and self-reported physical functioning in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer compared to matched controls.
Methods
Prostate cancer patients scheduled to begin ADT (n = 62) were assessed within 20 days of starting ADT and 6 and 12 months later. Age and geographically matched prostate cancer controls treated with prostatectomy only (n = 86) were assessed at similar time intervals. Grip strength measured upper body strength, the Chair Rise Test measured lower body strength, and the SF-12 Physical Functioning scale measured self-reported physical functioning.
Results
As expected, self-reported physical functioning and upper body muscle strength declined in ADT recipients but remained stable in prostate cancer controls. Contrary to expectations, lower body muscle strength remained stable in ADT recipients but improved in prostate cancer controls. Higher Gleason scores, more medical comorbidities, and less exercise at baseline predicted greater declines in physical functioning in ADT recipients.
Conclusions
ADT is associated with declines in self-reported physical functioning and upper body muscle strength as well as worse lower body muscle strength relative to prostate cancer controls. These findings should be included in patient education regarding the risks and benefits of ADT. Findings also underscore the importance of conducting research on ways to prevent or reverse declines in physical functioning in this patient population.
Keywords
Prostate cancer Anti-androgens Androgen deprivation Physical functioning Physical activity Muscle strength Quality of lifeNotes
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute: R01CA132803 (PI: Jacobsen) and R25CA090314 (PI: Jacobsen). The authors wish to acknowledge the Biostatistics Core at the Moffitt Cancer Center (P30-CA076292; PI: Sellers).
Compliance with ethical standards
The corresponding author is in full control of all primary data and agrees to allow the journal to review the data if requested. The data presented in this manuscript were collected through a protocol approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of South Florida (Protocol #IRB 106381). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Conflicts of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Disclosures
None.
References
- 1.Alibhai SM, Breunis H, Timilshina N, Johnston C, Tomlinson G, Tannock I, Krahn M, Fleshner NE, Warde P, Canning SD (2010) Impact of androgen-deprivation therapy on physical function and quality of life in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 28:5038–5045CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 2.Basaria S, Lieb J, Tang AM, DeWeese T, Carducci M, Eisenberger M, Dobs AS (2002) Long-term effects of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer patients. Clin Endocrinol 56:779–786CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.Bertheussen GF, Kaasa S, Hokstad A, Sandmæl JA, Helbostad JL, Salvesen Ø, Oldervoll LM (2012) Feasibility and changes in symptoms and functioning following inpatient cancer rehabilitation. Acta Oncologica 51:1070–1080CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 4.Clay CA, Perera S, Wagner JM, Miller ME, Nelson JB, Greenspan SL (2007) Physical function in men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy. Phys Ther 87:1325–1333CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 5.Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJGoogle Scholar
- 6.Culos-Reed SN, Robinson JW, Lau H, Stephenson L, Keats M, Norris S, Kline G, Faris P (2010) Physical activity for men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: benefits from a 16-week intervention. Support Care Cancer 18:591–599CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 7.Galvao D, Taaffe D, Spry N, Joseph D, Turner D, Newton R (2008) Reduced muscle strength and functional performance in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen suppression: a comprehensive cross-sectional investigation. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 12:198–203CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 8.Galvão DA, Taaffe DR, Spry N, Joseph D, Newton RU (2010) Combined resistance and aerobic exercise program reverses muscle loss in men undergoing androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer without bone metastases: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 28:340–347CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 9.Gilbert SM, Kuo Y-f, Shahinian VB (2011) Prevalent and incident use of androgen deprivation therapy among men with prostate cancer in the United States. In: Editor (ed)^(eds) Book Prevalent and incident use of androgen deprivation therapy among men with prostate cancer in the United States. Elsevier, City, pp. 647–653Google Scholar
- 10.Godin G, Shephard R Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaireGoogle Scholar
- 11.Godin G, Shephard RJ (1985) A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Can J Appl Sport Sci 10:141–146Google Scholar
- 12.Haseen F, Murray LJ, Cardwell CR, O’Sullivan JM, Cantwell MM (2010) The effect of androgen deprivation therapy on body composition in men with prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Surviv 4:128–139CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 13.Heckman JE, Chamie K, Maliski SL, Fink A, Kwan L, Connor SE, Litwin MS (2011) The role of self-efficacy in quality of life for disadvantaged men with prostate cancer. J Urol 186:1855–1861CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 14.Herr H, O'Sullivan M (2000) Quality of life of asymptomatic men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy. J Urol 163:1743CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 15.Joly F, Alibhai S, Galica J, Park A, Yi Q-L, Wagner L, Tannock I (2006) Impact of androgen deprivation therapy on physical and cognitive function, as well as quality of life of patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. J Urol 176:2443–2447CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 16.Jones CJ, Rikli RE, Beam WC (1999) A 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults. Res Q Exerc Sport 70:113–119CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 17.Katz JN, Chang LC, Sangha O, Fossel AH, Bates DW (1996) Can comorbidity be measured by questionnaire rather than medical record review? Med Care 34:73–84CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 18.Levy ME, Perera S, van Londen GJ, Nelson JB, Clay CA, Greenspan SL (2008) Physical function changes in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy: a 2-year prospective study. Urology 71:735–739CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 19.Newell A, Rosenbloom PS (1981) Mechanisms of skill acquisition and the law of practice. Cognitive skills and their acquisition. Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp 1–55Google Scholar
- 20.Norman GR, Sloan JA, Wyrwich KW (2003) Interpretation of changes in health-related quality of life: the remarkable universality of half a standard deviation. Med Care 41:582–592PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 21.Reitan RM, Wolfson D (1985) The Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery: theory and clinical interpretation. Neuropsychology Press, Tucson, AZGoogle Scholar
- 22.Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ, Patel HP, Syddall H, Cooper C, Sayer AA (2011) A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach Age and ageing: afr051Google Scholar
- 23.Saylor PJ, Smith MR (2013) Metabolic complications of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. J Urol 189:S34–S44CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 24.Sharifi N, Gulley JL, Dahut WL (2005) Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. JAMA 294:238–244CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 25.Singer JD, Willett JB (2003) Doing data analysis with the multilevel model for change. Applied longitudinal data analysis: modeling change and event occurrence. Oxford university press, pp. 75–123Google Scholar
- 26.Smith MR, Saad F, Egerdie B, Sieber PR, Tammela TL, Ke C, Leder BZ, Goessl C (2012) Sarcopenia during androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 30:3271–3276CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 27.Stone P, Hardy J, Huddart R, A'Hern R, Richards M (2000) Fatigue in patients with prostate cancer receiving hormone therapy. Eur J Cancer 36:1134–1141CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 28.Uth J, Schmidt JF, Christensen JF, Hornstrup T, Andersen LJ, Hansen PR, Christensen KB, Andersen LL, Helge EW, Brasso K (2013) Effects of recreational soccer in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: study protocol for the ‘FC Prostate’ randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 13:595CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 29.van Londen GJ, Levy ME, Perera S, Nelson JB, Greenspan SL (2008) Body composition changes during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a 2-year prospective study. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 68:172–177CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 30.Ware JE Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD (1996) A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care 34:220–233CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 31.Wei JT, Dunn RL, Litwin MS, Sandler HM, Sanda MG (2000) Development and validation of the expanded prostate cancer index composite (EPIC) for comprehensive assessment of health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer. Urology 56:899–905CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar