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International Journal of Biometeorology

, Volume 50, Issue 3, pp 144–153 | Cite as

France’s heat health watch warning system

  • Mathilde Pascal
  • Karine Laaidi
  • Martine Ledrans
  • Elsa Baffert
  • Céline Caserio-Schönemann
  • Alain Le Tertre
  • Jacques Manach
  • Sylvia Medina
  • Jérémie Rudant
  • Pascal Empereur-Bissonnet
Original Article
First Online:

Abstract

In 2003, a Heat Health Watch Warning System was developed in France to anticipate heat waves that may result in a large excess of mortality. The system was developed on the basis of a retrospective analysis of mortality and meteorological data in fourteen pilot cities. Several meteorological indicators were tested in relation to levels of excess mortality. Computations of sensibility and specificity were used to choose the meteorological indicators and the cut-offs. An indicator that mixes minimum and maximum temperatures was chosen. The cut-offs were set in order to anticipate events resulting in an excess mortality above 100% in the smallest cities and above 50% in Paris, Lyon, Marseille and Lille. The system was extended nationwide using the 98th percentile of the distribution of minimum and maximum temperatures. A national action plan was set up, using this watch warning system. It was activated on 1st June 2004 on a national scale. The system implies a close cooperation between the French Weather Bureau (Météo France), the National Institute of Health Surveillance (InVS) and the Ministry of Health. The system is supported by a panel of preventive actions, to prevent the sanitary impact of heat waves.

Keywords

Heat health watch warning system Temperature Mortality Heat wave 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the National Institute of Statistic and Economic Studies (INSEE) for the mortality data, to A. Maulpoix and P. De Crouy-Chanel who produced the maps, to E. Bertrand and S. Guitton who helped with the bibliographic research, to all the participants who collected the sanitary indicators.

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Copyright information

© ISB 2005

Authors and Affiliations

  • Mathilde Pascal
    • 1
  • Karine Laaidi
    • 1
  • Martine Ledrans
    • 1
  • Elsa Baffert
    • 1
  • Céline Caserio-Schönemann
    • 2
  • Alain Le Tertre
    • 1
  • Jacques Manach
    • 3
  • Sylvia Medina
    • 1
  • Jérémie Rudant
    • 1
  • Pascal Empereur-Bissonnet
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Environmental HealthInstitut de Veille SanitaireSaint MauriceFrance
  2. 2.Department of AlertsInstitut de Veille SanitaireSaint MauriceFrance
  3. 3.National Weather Service, Météo-FranceToulouseFrance

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