Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) secondary to cobalamin C (cblC) disorder
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Abstract
Diarrhea-positive hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a common cause of acute renal failure in children. Diarrhea-negative (D−), or atypical HUS, is etiologically distinct. A Medline search identified seven previously reported D− cases of HUS secondary to cobalamin C (cblC) disease presenting in infancy. An infantile presentation is reported to be associated with a high mortality rate (6/7 cases). We describe the results of a 5-year longitudinal follow-up in a child diagnosed with D− HUS secondary to cblC disease in infancy. Mutation analysis in this patient identified homozygosity for the 271 dupA mutation (c.271 dupA) in the cblC MMACHC gene. We briefly review the published experience in cblC-associated HUS to highlight the clinical characteristics of this uncommon, but potentially treatable, condition.
Keywords
HUS Cobalamin C Acute renal failure Autosomal recessiveAbbreviations
- HUS
hemolytic uremic syndrome
- D−
diarrhea negative
- Cbl
cobalamin
- cblC
cobalamin C
- MMA
methylmalonic acid
- AdoCbl
adenosylcobalamin
- MeCbl
methylcobalamin
- MMACHC gene
methylmalonic aciduria cblC type with homocystinuria gene
- TMA
thrombotic microangiopathy
- vWF-protease
von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease
Notes
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the patient and her mother. Our sincere thanks to the staff of the Metabolic Program at the Children’s Hospital of Winnipeg (Dr. Mhanni, Tara Dzwiniel, Judy Saltel-Olson, Dr. Lorne Seargent). We thank Dr. Malcolm Ogborn (pediatric nephrologist), Dr. Charuta Joshi (pediatric neurologist), and Dr. Diane Moddemann (developmental specialist) for providing clinical care for the patient. We are grateful to Dr. David Rosenblatt and his lab (McGill Montreal) for performing the fibroblast and molecular studies.
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