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A systematic review of primary ileostomy site malignancies

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Abstract

Background

This paper aimed to elucidate the etiologies of all primary ileostomy site malignancies published in the literature.

Methods

A review of the literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines by querying PubMed, Global Health, and Web of Science for articles published before November 2020. Search criteria contained broad terminology for ileostomy site neoplasms without language, date, or publication limitations. A full-text review of the abstracts confirmed primary malignant pathologies and was evaluated for study inclusion.

Results

Literature search discovered 858 publications, with 76 meeting eligibility criteria. The final sample contained 91 patients, with equal males and females. The mean age of patients with ileostomy site malignancy was 62.0 ± 12.2, with an average ileostomy age of 29.4 ± 12.4. The most common indications for ileostomy creation were inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (73.6%) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) (20.9%). There was a total of eight ileostomy malignant pathologies reported, with adenocarcinoma being the most common (76.9%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (11.0%). Adenocarcinoma was diagnosed at a younger age than SCC (59.7 vs. 72.3) and developed over a shorter time (28.8 vs. 37.0). Patients with FAP almost exclusively developed adenocarcinoma (94.4%) at a younger stoma age (25.8 vs. 31.4) than those with IBD who developed seven diverse pathologies. With a median follow-up of 0.75 years, four patients developed disease recurrence and received oncologic resection of their cancer less often than the 55 negative patients (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Ileostomy site malignancies are late-appearing complications that require curative surgery. Their presentation is associated with ileostomy duration and creation indication, such as FAP or IBD. We recommend screening at a stoma age ≥ 20 or patient age ≥ 50 for patients with FAP, while stoma age ≥ 25 or patient age ≥ 60 for IBD patients.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Amy Allison, MPH, MLS, and Iris Johnson (Library Services at Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine) for helping us develop our search strategy and article collection. We would also like to thank Vicky Hickey (Research Compliance at Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital) for helping us develop our systematic review and comments on the manuscript

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  1. Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, USA

    Anthony Onde Morada, Sri Harshavardhan Senapathi, Amir Bashiri, Seungwoo Chai & Burt Cagir

  2. Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA

    Anthony Onde Morada

  3. Department of Surgery, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, 1 Guthrie Square, Sayre, PA, 18840, USA

    Burt Cagir

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Anthony Onde Morada, Sri Harshavardhan Senapathi, Amir Bashiri, Seungwoo Chai, and Burt Cagir do not have any financial conflicts of interest to disclose.

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Morada, A.O., Senapathi, S.H., Bashiri, A. et al. A systematic review of primary ileostomy site malignancies. Surg Endosc 36, 1750–1760 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-021-08847-7

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