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First characterization of Gamkonora gas emission, North Maluku, East Indonesia

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Abstract

Gamkonora is an active volcano capable of intense manifestations that regularly forced thousands of inhabitants to flee their villages. The most extreme eruption, in 1673, was a VEI 5 event that induced pitch-dark environment over the region. Paradoxically, little is known about Gamkonora volcano and here we present the first gas measurement results obtained in September 2018 using a MultiGAS and a scanning DOAS. Results highlight a relatively small but magmatic gas with a CO2/ST of 3.5, in the range of high-temperature gas emissions from Indonesian volcanoes and H2O/SO2, CO2/SO2, H2S/SO2, and H2/SO2 ratios of 135, 5.6, 0.6, and 0.2, respectively. The daily gas emission budget corresponds to 129 t, 13 t, 3.4 t, 1.1 t, and 0.03 t for H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S, and H2, respectively. Bulk rock analyses indicate a basaltic andesite to andesite source beneath Gamkonora.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the field support from Gamkonora and Ibu observatories. We also thank the deputy editor J. Taddeucci, the associate editor T.P. Fischer, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that substantially improve this manuscript.

Funding

The research leading to these results has received support from JEAI-COMMISSION under the collaboration between CVGHM and IRD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Jl. Diponegoro No, Bandung, 57, Indonesia

    Ugan B. Saing, Nia Haerani, Sofyan Primulyana, Hilma Alfianti, Devy K. Syahbana &  Kristianto

  2. Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Univ. Blaise Pascale—CNRS—IRD, OPGC, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Philipson Bani

  3. Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Alessandro Aiuppa

Authors
  1. Ugan B. Saing
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  2. Philipson Bani
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  3. Nia Haerani
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  4. Alessandro Aiuppa
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  5. Sofyan Primulyana
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  6. Hilma Alfianti
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  7. Devy K. Syahbana
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  8. Kristianto
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philipson Bani.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: T.P. Fischer; Deputy Executive Editor: J. Tadeucci

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Saing, U.B., Bani, P., Haerani, N. et al. First characterization of Gamkonora gas emission, North Maluku, East Indonesia. Bull Volcanol 82, 37 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-020-01375-7

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