Bulletin of Volcanology

, 75:722 | Cite as

Lithostratigraphic analysis and geochemistry of a vitric spatter-bearing ignimbrite: the Quaternary Adeje Formation, Cañadas volcano, Tenerife

  • P. Dávila-Harris
  • B. S. Ellis
  • M. J. Branney
  • G. Carrasco-Núñez
Research Article
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Accepted:

Abstract

The 1.5-Ma Adeje Formation in SW Tenerife contains an ignimbrite sheet with remarkable textural and chemical complexity. A basal Plinian pumice-fall layer is overlain by a partly welded compound ignimbrite in which phonolitic pumice lapilli and dense obsidian spatter rags with irregular, fluidal-shaped margins are supported in a poorly sorted tuff matrix. The lower ignimbrite flow-unit contains accretionary lapilli in its upper part, overlain by an ash-pellet-bearing fallout layer from a co-ignimbrite plume. The upper ignimbrite flow-unit comprises a locally welded massive lapilli-tuff that grades up into lithic breccia containing juvenile obsidian blocks and both cognate and vent-derived lithic blocks. Geochemically, the Adeje Formation shows two distinct juvenile populations that relate to crystal-poor and crystal-rich magma types. Crystal-rich juvenile clasts contain multiple compositions of ilmenite and magnetite, and crystal aggregates of bytownite (An79–86). The varied assemblage of juvenile clasts reflects an eruptive style that may have involved rapid changes in magma chamber pressure associated with caldera collapse, and possibly the disruption of a lava lake. The Adeje eruption started with a Plinian explosive phase that rained ash and pumice lapilli across SW Tenerife; followed by pyroclastic fountaining feeding density currents with explosive ejecta of juvenile glassy material producing the coarse, spatter-bearing ignimbrite facies. A short pause between pyroclastic density currents is recorded by the co-ignimbrite ash and pellet-fall bed. The climactic phase of the eruption probably involved caldera subsidence as recorded by a widespread massive heterolithic breccia.

Keywords

Tenerife Explosive eruptions Pyroclastic density current Phonolite Spatter Ignimbrite 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

PDH acknowledges doctoral scholarship 187323 from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), fieldwork support from the Volcanic and Magmatic Studies Group (VMSG) and the Quaternary Research Association (QRA). BSE was supported by NSF (NSF EAR-0911457). Partial support was provided by IN106810 PAPIIT-UNAM grant. We thank Rich Brown for discussions in the field and sharing his knowledge on Tenerife ignimbrites and John Wolff and Paul Olin for discussion. We gratefully acknowledge L Gurioli and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments. Jim Gardner is thanked for effective handling of the manuscript.

Supplementary material

445_2013_722_MOESM1_ESM.docx (1.6 mb)
ESM 1 (DOCX 1604 kb)
445_2013_722_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx (579 kb)
ESM 2 (XLSX 578 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  • P. Dávila-Harris
    • 1
    • 4
  • B. S. Ellis
    • 2
  • M. J. Branney
    • 1
  • G. Carrasco-Núñez
    • 3
  1. 1.Department of GeologyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
  2. 2.Institute for Geochemistry and PetrologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
  3. 3.Centro de GeocienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoQuerétaroMexico
  4. 4.División de Geociencias AplicadasInstituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaSan Luis PotosíMexico

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