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Effects of omega-3 on matrix metalloproteinase-9, myoblast transplantation and satellite cell activation in dystrophin-deficient muscle fibers

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Abstract

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), lack of dystrophin leads to progressive muscle degeneration, with DMD patients suffering from cardiorespiratory failure. Cell therapy is an alternative to life-long corticoid therapy. Satellite cells, the stem cells of skeletal muscles, do not completely compensate for the muscle damage in dystrophic muscles. Elevated levels of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors, such as metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), impair muscle regeneration, leading to extensive fibrosis and poor results with myoblast transplantation therapies. Omega-3 is an anti-inflammatory drug that protects against muscle degeneration in the mdx mouse model of DMD. In the present study, we test our hypothesis that omega-3 affects MMP-9 and thereby benefits muscle regeneration and myoblast transplantation in the mdx mouse. We observe that omega-3 reduces MMP-9 gene expression and improves myoblast engraftment, satellite cell activation, and muscle regeneration by mechanisms involving, at least in part, the regulation of macrophages, as shown here with the fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique. The present study demonstrates the benefits of omega-3 on satellite cell survival and muscle regeneration, further supporting its use in clinical trials and cell therapies in DMD.

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Acknowledgments

We thank all colleagues from Dr. Kumar’s laboratory for helpful discussions and suggestions. This work was supported by the Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES, grant 003839/2014-01), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (grants 14/15492-3, 2014/04782-6, 303,320/2013-3) and the National Institute of Health, Universtiy of Louisville, Ky., USA (grants: AR059810 and AR068313). M.J.M. was the recipient of a fellowship from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, grant 302831/2013-4).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, CEP 1083-970, Brazil

    Samara Camaçari de Carvalho & Maria Julia Marques

  2. Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA

    Sajedah M. Hindi & Ashok Kumar

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  1. Samara Camaçari de Carvalho
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  2. Sajedah M. Hindi
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  3. Ashok Kumar
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  4. Maria Julia Marques
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Contributions

S.C.C and M.J.M. conceived and designed the study. S.C.C. conducted the study. S.H. helped with some experiments and analyzed the FACS data. M.J.M. and A.K. obtained funding for this project. All authors drafted and/or edited the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Maria Julia Marques.

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All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.

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Table S1

Sequence of primers used for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. (DOCX 14 kb)

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de Carvalho, S.C., Hindi, S.M., Kumar, A. et al. Effects of omega-3 on matrix metalloproteinase-9, myoblast transplantation and satellite cell activation in dystrophin-deficient muscle fibers. Cell Tissue Res 369, 591–602 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-017-2640-x

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