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Genetic imprints of domestication for disease resistance, oil quality, and yield component traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Abstract

Ploidy difference between wild Arachis species and cultivated genotypes hinder transfer of useful alleles for agronomically important traits. To overcome this genetic barrier, two synthetic tetraploids, viz., ISATGR 1212 (A. duranensis ICG 8123 × A. ipaensis ICG 8206) and ISATGR 265-5A (A. kempff-mercadoi ICG 8164 × A. hoehnei ICG 8190), were used to generate two advanced backcross (AB) populations. The AB-populations, namely, AB-pop1 (ICGV 91114 × ISATGR 1212) and AB-pop2, (ICGV 87846 × ISATGR 265-5A) were genotyped with DArT and SSR markers. Genetic maps were constructed for AB-pop1 and AB-pop2 populations with 258 loci (1415.7 cM map length and map density of 5.5 cM/loci) and 1043 loci (1500.8 cM map length with map density of 1.4 cM/loci), respectively. Genetic analysis identified large number of wild segments in the population and provided a good source of diversity in these populations. Phenotyping of these two populations identified several introgression lines with good agronomic, oil quality, and disease resistance traits. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis showed that the wild genomic segments contributed favourable alleles for foliar disease resistance while cultivated genomic segments mostly contributed favourable alleles for oil quality and yield component traits. These populations, after achieving higher stability, will be useful resource for genetic mapping and QTL discovery for wild species segments in addition to using population progenies in breeding program for diversifying the gene pool of cultivated groundnut.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the help and support from researchers of University of Agricultural Sciences- Dharwad and University of Agricultural Sciences-Raichur in conducting part of disease screening experiment. Funding support from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Tropics Legumes I, II, and III) is greatly acknowledged. This work has been undertaken as a part of the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (GLDC). ICRISAT is a member of CGIAR Consortium.

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  1. Pawan Khera and Manish K. Pandey have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India

    Pawan Khera, Manish K. Pandey, Nalini Mallikarjuna, Manda Sriswathi, Manish Roorkiwal, Pasupuleti Janila, Shivali Sharma, Krishna Shilpa, Harikishan Sudini & Rajeev K. Varshney

  2. Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Tifton, USA

    Baozhu Guo

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Contributions

RKV conceived experiment. RKV, MKP, and NM designed and supervised the experiments. MKP, MS, MR, PJ, SS, KS, NM, and HS performed the experiment. PK, MKP, RKV, and BG analyzed the data. PK, MKP, and RKV wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rajeev K. Varshney.

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Khera, P., Pandey, M.K., Mallikarjuna, N. et al. Genetic imprints of domestication for disease resistance, oil quality, and yield component traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Mol Genet Genomics 294, 365–378 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-018-1511-9

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